The work was first translated into English in 1908 by Alexander Harvey, a Belgian-born American journalist,[3] and was published in Chicago by Charles. H. Kerr, a small but notable publishing house of socially progressive literature.[23] Following this, a 1909 translation by writer Helen Zimmern was published as part of a complete edition of Nietzsche's books in English, but was never translated by Walter Kaufmann when he translated most of Nietzsche's works into English in the 1950s and 1960s.
Finally, in the 1980s, the first part was translated by Marion Faber and completely translated by R.J. Hollingdale the same decade. Faber was critical of Zimmern's "antiquated Victorian style" which made Nietzsche "sound in her translation like a fusty contemporary of Matthew Arnold". Faber further noted bowdlerizations and errors in Zimmern's work. For example, in Aphorism 61 where Schaf ('sheep') is translated by Zimmern as fool, where the reference is to Sophocles' play Ajax in which the hero charges a herd of sheep.[7]: xxiv–xxv
