Immigration
Efrén Divided provides a potent exploration of the personal and societal consequences of stringent immigration policies. Ernesto Cisneros uses the novel to present an empathetic and human perspective on immigration that is often missing in political discourse.
The protagonist, Efrén, is the son of undocumented immigrants, living a life suspended between two worlds, which is a direct consequence of the existing immigration policies. The deportation of Efrén's mother, Ama, starkly represents the families torn apart by these policies. Ama, a figure of love, care, and stability in the household, is suddenly wrenched away, leaving a gaping hole in Efrén's life. This plot device underscores the dissonance between the ideals of family values and the reality of policies that separate families.
As Efrén embarks on a dangerous journey to reunite with his mother, Cisneros also highlights the perilous paths that many immigrants are forced to take due to the lack of legal avenues available to them. Efrén's treacherous journey to Mexico, filled with uncertainty and danger, sheds light on the desperation and risks many are willing to endure in the face of what many see as rigid immigration laws.
Moreover, Cisneros showcases the psychological toll these policies can take on families. Efrén, a young boy who should be focused on school and adolescence, is instead burdened with adult responsibilities and the constant fear of his family being further torn apart. His story serves as a microcosm of the experiences of countless children in similar situations.
Family and sacrifice
Efrén's family, despite their separation and the adversities they face, remain closely connected. The sacrifices they make for each other—Efrén taking on parental duties, his father working multiple jobs, and ultimately Efrén's dangerous journey to Mexico—highlight the depth of their love and their willingness to endure hardship for their family. This theme of familial love and sacrifice is an enduring thread throughout the narrative, showcasing the strength and resilience of family bonds.
Community and solidarity
The theme of community and solidarity becomes evident as the story progresses. Efrén initially feels alone in his struggle, but as the truth about his mother's deportation becomes known, he finds support from unexpected places. His schoolmates, significantly his crush Jennifer, rally to help raise funds for Ama's legal return. The depiction of a community coming together to support one of its own reflects the power of collective action and compassion, providing a glimmer of hope in Efrén's challenging circumstances.
