Dracula Bram Stoker

Notes

1. ^ Sensation fiction is a genre characterised by the depiction of scandalous events—for example murder, theft, forgery, or adultery—within domestic settings.[4]
2. ^ Although published in 1898, Miss Betty was written in 1890.[7]
3. ^ Miller presented this article at the second Transylvanian Society of Dracula Symposium,[14] but it has been reproduced elsewhere; for example, in the Dictionary of Literary Biography in 2006.[15]
4. ^ Other critics have concurred with Miller. Mathias Clasen describes her as "a tireless debunker of academic Dracula myths".[24] In response to several lines of query as to the historical origin of Dracula, Benjamin H. Leblanc reproduces her arguments in his critical history on the novel.[14]
5. ^ Lisa Hopkins reproduces the previous quotation, and confirms Farson's relation to Stoker, in her 2007 book on Dracula.[27]
6. ^ In their annotated version of Stoker's notes, Eighteen-Bisang and Miller dedicated an appendix to what the novel might have looked like had Stoker adhered to his original concept.[47]
7. ^ "New Woman" is a term that originated in the 19th century, and is used to describe an emerging class of intellectual women with social and economic control over their lives.[65]
8. ^ Dracula is one of three figures Zanger links to the popular anxiety surrounding Jewish migration to England; the others are Jack the Ripper, who was often imagined as a Jewish butcher, and Svengali.[72]
9. ^ For further reading on the last point, Zygmunt Bauman writes that the perceived "eternal homelessness" of the Jewish people has contributed to discrimination against them.[75]
10. ^ In the novel, Harker specifies that the Slovaks are a type of gypsy.[78]
11. ^ Laura Sagolla Croley expands: "Arata fails to see the class implications of Dracula's racial invasion. Social reformers and journalists throughout the century used the language of race to talk about the very poor".[82]
12. ^ There is some evidence that Bram Stoker died as a result of syphilis; Daniel Farson argues that he may have caught the disease while writing Dracula.[91]
13. ^ The full text of all contemporary reviews listed in the bibliography's "contemporary critical reviews" can be found, faithfully reproduced, in John Edgar Browning's Bram Stoker's Dracula: The Critical Feast (2012).[110]
14. ^ This footnote provides the page number for the 1994 edition; In Search of Dracula was first published in 1972.
15. ^ This was necessary under the Stage Licensing Act of 1897.[129]
16. ^ Some sources say the legal battle lasted only two,[132] while others give the number as three.[134][135]
17. ^ Some sources say that "all prints were ordered destroyed".[134]
18. ^ Meaning "before Stoker" and "after Stoker".

References

1. ^ Hopkins 2007, p. 4.
2. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 301: "Most of his novels are sentimental romances in which the hero tries to win the love of a woman."
3. ^ a b Belford 2002, p. 269.
4. ^ Rubery 2011.
5. ^ Hopkins 2007, p. 1.
6. ^ Belford & 2002, p. 363.
7. ^ Belford 2002, p. 277.
8. ^ Caine 1912, p. 16.
9. ^ Ludlam 1962, p. 100: "Bram sought the help of Arminius Vambery in Budapest [...] Vambery was able to report that 'the Impaler,' who had won this name for obvious reasons, was spoken of for centuries after as the cleverest and the most cunning, as well as the bravest of the sons of the 'land beyond the forest.'"
10. ^ Dearden 2014.
11. ^ a b Leblanc 1997, p. 360.
12. ^ McNally & Florescu 1994, p. 150: "Unfortunately, no correspondence between Vambery and Stoker can be found today. Moreover, a search through all of the professor's published writings fails to reveal any comments on Vlad, Dracula, or vampires."
13. ^ Miller 1996, p. 2: "If Stoker knew as much about Vlad as some scholars claim (for example, that he impaled thousands of victims), then why is this information not used in the novel? This is a crucial question, when one considers how much insignificant detail Stoker did incorporate from his many sources."
14. ^ a b Leblanc 1997, p. 362.
15. ^ Miller 2006.
16. ^ Fitts 1998, p. 34.
17. ^ McNally 1983, pp. 46–47.
18. ^ Mulvey-Roberts 1998, pp. 83–84.
19. ^ Kord 2009, p. 60.
20. ^ Stephanou 2014, p. 90.
21. ^ Miller 1999, pp. 187–188: "The closest we have is that there is a short section on Bathory in Sabine-Gould's The Book of Were-Wolves which is on Stoker's list of books that he consulted. But a careful examination of his Notes shows that while he did make a number of jottings (with page references) from this book, nothing is noted from the Bathory pages. And there is nothing in the novel that can be attributed directly to the short Bathory sections."
22. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 131.
23. ^ Chevalier 2002, p. 749.
24. ^ a b Clasen 2012, p. 379.
25. ^ Signorotti 1996, p. 607.
26. ^ Farson 1975, p. 22.
27. ^ Hopkins 2007, p. 6.
28. ^ Farson 1975, p. 144.
29. ^ Milbank 1998, p. 15.
30. ^ McGrath 1997, p. 43.
31. ^ a b Senf 1982, p. 34.
32. ^ Milbank 1998, p. 14.
33. ^ Curran 2005, p. 64.
34. ^ Curran 2000.
35. ^ Bierman 1998, p. 152.
36. ^ Barsanti 2008, p. 1.
37. ^ Lovecraft 1965, p. 255; Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 4.
38. ^ Ludlam 1962, pp. 99–100.
39. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 3.
40. ^ McNally & Florescu 1973, p. 160.
41. ^ a b Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 4.
42. ^ a b Bierman 1977, p. 40.
43. ^ Belford 2002, p. 255.
44. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 15.
45. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 245.
46. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 318.
47. ^ Eighteen-Bisang & Miller 2008, p. 320.
48. ^ Belford 2002, p. 241.
49. ^ a b c Davison, 'Introduction' 1997, p. 19.
50. ^ a b c Belford 2002, p. 272.
51. ^ Stoker & Holt 2009, pp. 312–313.
52. ^ Belford 2002, p. 274.
53. ^ a b Davison, 'Introduction' 1997, p. 21.
54. ^ Davison, "Blood Brothers" 1997, pp. 147–148.
55. ^ Escher 2017.
56. ^ Spencer 1992, p. 197.
57. ^ Kuzmanovic 2009, p. 411.
58. ^ Craft 1984, p. 107.
59. ^ Schaffer 1994, p. 382.
60. ^ Schaffer 1994, p. 381.
61. ^ a b Craft 1984, p. 110.
62. ^ Craft 1984, p. 109.
63. ^ Demetrakopoulos 1977, p. 106.
64. ^ Auerbach & Skal 1997, p. 52.
65. ^ Bordin 1993, p. 2.
66. ^ a b Showalter 1991, p. 180.
67. ^ Wasserman 1977, p. 405.
68. ^ Senf 1982, p. 44.
69. ^ Kane 1997, p. 8.
70. ^ Arnds 2015, p. 89.
71. ^ Zanger 1991, p. 33.
72. ^ Zanger 1991, p. 41.
73. ^ Zanger 1991, p. 34.
74. ^ Halberstam 1993, p. 337.
75. ^ Bauman 1991, p. 337.
76. ^ Halberstam 1993, p. 338.
77. ^ Tchaprazov 2015, p. 524.
78. ^ Tchaprazov2015, p. 527.
79. ^ Arnds 2015, p. 95.
80. ^ Croley 1995, p. 107.
81. ^ Tchaprazov 2015, p. 525.
82. ^ a b Croley 1995, p. 89.
83. ^ Arata 1990, p. 622.
84. ^ Arata 1990, p. 623.
85. ^ Arata 1990, p. 630.
86. ^ Tomaszweska 2004, p. 3.
87. ^ Willis 2007, pp. 302–304.
88. ^ Halberstam 1993, p. 341.
89. ^ Halberstam 1993, p. 350.
90. ^ Clasen 2012, p. 389.
91. ^ Stevenson 1988, p. 148.
92. ^ Willis 2007, p. 302.
93. ^ Dracula is also said to be a "folio novel — which is ... a sibling to the epistolary novel, posed as letters collected and found by the reader or an editor." Alexander Chee, "When Horror Is the Truth-teller", Guernica, October 2, 2023
94. ^ Seed 1985, p. 64.
95. ^ Seed 1985, p. 65.
96. ^ a b Moretti 1982, p. 77.
97. ^ Case 1993, p. 226.
98. ^ Seed 1985, p. 70.
99. ^ Hogle, 'Introduction' 2002, p. 12.
100. ^ Miller 2001, p. 150.
101. ^ Miller 2001, p. 137.
102. ^ Arata 1990, p. 621.
103. ^ Spencer 1992, p. 219.
104. ^ Keogh 2014, p. 194.
105. ^ Glover 1996, p. 26.
106. ^ Keogh 2014, pp. 195–196.
107. ^ Ingelbien 2003, p. 1089; Stewart 1999, pp. 239–240.
108. ^ The Daily Mail 1897, p. 3.
109. ^ Review of PLTA, "Recent Novels" 1897; Lloyd's 1897, p. 80; The Academy 1897, p. 98; The Glasgow Herald 1897, p. 10.
110. ^ Browning 2012, Introduction: The Myth of Dracula's Reception.
111. ^ The Bookseller 1897, p. 816.
112. ^ Saturday Review 1897, p. 21.
113. ^ Publisher's Circular 1897, p. 131.
114. ^ Browning 2012, Introduction: The Myth of Dracula's Reception: "Dracula's writing was seen by early reviewers and responders to parallel, if not supersede the Gothic horror works of such canonical writers as Mary Shelley, Ann Radcliffe, and Edgar Allan Poe."
115. ^ The Daily Telegraph 1897.
116. ^ The Advertiser 1898, p. 8.
117. ^ Of Literature, Science, and Art 1897, p. 11.
118. ^ a b Vanity Fair (UK) 1897, p. 80.
119. ^ TMG 1897.
120. ^ Land of Sunshine 1899, p. 261; The Advertiser 1898, p. 8; New-York Tribune 1899, p. 13.
121. ^ San Francisco Wave 1899, p. 5.
122. ^ Browning 2012, Introduction: The Myth of Dracula's Reception: "That the sample of reviews relied upon by previous studies [...] is scant at best has unfortunately resulted in the common misconception about the novel's early critical reception being 'mixed'".
123. ^ Browning 2012, Introduction: The Myth of Dracula's Reception: "Rather, while the novel did receive, on the one hand, a few reviews that were mixed, it enjoyed predominantly a critically strong early print life. Dracula was, by all accounts, a critically-acclaimed novel."
124. ^ Browning 2012, Introduction: The Myth of Dracula's Reception: "That the sample of reviews relied upon by previous studies [...] is scant at best has unfortunately resulted in [a] common misconception about the novel's early critical reception [...]"
125. ^ Browning 2012, Introduction: The Myth of Dracula's Reception: "firstly, generally positive reviews that include perhaps one, sometimes two negative remarks or reservations, of which I have discerned ten examples; secondly, generally mixed reviews in which scorn and praise are relatively balanced, of which I have found four examples13; and, thirdly, wholly or mostly negative reviews, of which I managed to locate only three examples. What remains are some seventy positive reviews and responses. And, in addition still are thirty-six different laudatory press notices".)
126. ^ McNally & Florescu 1994, p. 162.
127. ^ Ronay 1972, p. 53.
128. ^ Masters 1972, p. 208.
129. ^ a b Buzwell 2014.
130. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 193.
131. ^ Rhodes 2010, p. 29.
132. ^ a b Skal 2011, p. 11.
133. ^ Hensley 2002, p. 61.
134. ^ a b c Stoker 2011, p. 2.
135. ^ a b Hensley 2002, p. 63.
136. ^ a b c Browning and Picart 2011, p. 4.
137. ^ Cengel 2020; The Telegraph 2015.
138. ^ Sommerlad 2017.
139. ^ Clasen 2012, p. 378.
140. ^ Retamar & Winks 2005, p. 22.
141. ^ Browning and Picart 2011, p. 7.
142. ^ a b Miller 2001, p. 147.
143. ^ Beresford 2008, p. 139.
144. ^ Doniger 1995, p. 608.
145. ^ Miller 2001, p. 152.
146. ^ Miller 2001, p. 157.
147. ^ McGrath 1997, p. 45.
148. ^ Hughes 2012, p. 197.
149. ^ Hughes 2012, p. 198.