Notes
-
^ "wíg" means "fight, battle, war, conflict"[18] and "láf" means "remnant, left-over"[19]
-
^ That is, R.D. Fulk's 1992 A History of Old English Meter.
-
^ For instance, by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf,[87] a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf.
-
^ Ecclesiastical or biblical influences are only seen as adding "Christian color", in Andersson's survey. Old English sources hinges on the hypothesis that Genesis A predates Beowulf.
-
^ Ludwig Laistner (1889), II, p. 25; Stopford Brooke, I, p. 120; Albert S. Cook (1899) pp. 154–156.
-
^ In the interim, Max Deutschbein (1909) is credited by Andersson as the first person to present the Irish argument in academic form. He suggested the Irish Feast of Bricriu (not a folktale) as a source for Beowulf—a theory soon denied by Oscar Olson.[122]
-
^ von Sydow was anticipated by Heinz Dehmer in the 1920s, besides the 19th century authors who pointed out "The Hand and the Child" as a parallel.[134]
-
^ Carney also sees the Táin Bó Fráech story (where a half-fairy hero fights a dragon in the "Black Pool (Dubh linn)"), but this has received little support.
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^ a b
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Shippey, Tom A. (Summer 2001). "Wicked Queens and Cousin Strategies in Beowulf and Elsewhere, Notes and Bibliography". The Heroic Age (5).
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Davis, Craig R. (2006). "An ethnic dating of "Beowulf"". Anglo-Saxon England. 35: 111–129. doi:10.1017/S0263675106000068. ISSN 0263-6751. JSTOR 44510948. S2CID 162474995.
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Moorman, F. W. (1914). "English Place Names and the Teutonic Sagas". In Oliver Elton (ed.). English Association Essays and Studies. Vol. 5. Clarendon Press. pp. 75ff.
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Kiernan, Kevin S. (1998). "Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the "Beowulf"-Manuscript.Andy Orchard". Speculum. 73 (3): 879–881. doi:10.2307/2887546. JSTOR 2887546.
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Kiernan, Kevin (1981). Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 20–21, 91, 120. ISBN 978-0472084128.
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Lapidge, Michael (1996). Anglo-Latin literature, 600–899. London: Hambledon Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-85285-011-1.
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^ a b Liuzza 2013, pp. 18–20.
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^ Liuzza 2013, p. 36.
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^ Liuzza 2013, p. 119: "gomenwudu grēted, gid oft wrecen, ðonne healgamen Hrōþgāres scop æfter medobence mǣnan scolde,".
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Blackburn, F. A. (1897). "The Christian Coloring of Beowulf". PMLA. 12 (2): 210–217. doi:10.2307/456133. JSTOR 456133. S2CID 163940392.
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Benson, Larry D. (1967). Creed, R. P. (ed.). The Pagan Coloring of Beowulf. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press. pp. 193–213. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
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^ a b Lord 1960, p. 198.
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Benson, Larry D. (1970). "The Originality of Beowulf". The Interpretation of Narrative. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 1–44.
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^ a b c Foley, John M. Oral-Formulaic Theory and Research: An Introduction and Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1985. p. 126
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Watts, Ann C. (1969). The Lyre and the Harp: A Comparative Reconsideration of Oral Tradition in Homer and Old English Epic Poetry. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-300-00797-8.
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Gardner, Thomas (1973). "How Free Was the Beowulf Poet?". Modern Philology. 71 (2): 111–127. doi:10.1086/390461. S2CID 161829597.
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Foley, John Miles (1991). The Theory of Oral Composition: History and Methodology. Bloomington: IUP. pp. 109ff.
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Tinker, Chauncey Brewster (1903). The Translations of Beowulf. Gutenberg.
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Malone, Kemp, ed. (1951). The Thorkelin Transcripts of Beowulf in Facsimile. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile. Vol. 1. Rosenkilde and Bagger.
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Klaeber, Frederick, ed. (1950). Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg (3rd ed.). Heath. ISBN 9780669212129.
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Fulk, Robert D.; Bjork, Robert E.; Niles, John D., eds. (2008). Klaeber's Beowulf and The Fight at Finnsburg (4th ed.). University of Toronto Press.
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Dobbie, Elliott van Kirk (1953). Beowulf and Judish. Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records. Vol. 4. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
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^ a b Magennis 2011, pp. 1–25.
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^ Orchard 2003a, pp. 4, 329–30.
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^ a b
"Beowulf's Afterlives Bibliographic Database". Beowulf's Afterlives Bibliographic Database. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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^ Schulman & Szarmach 2012, p. 4.
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Kears, Carl (10 January 2018). "Eric Mottram and Old English: Revival and Re-Use in the 1970s" (PDF). The Review of English Studies. 69 (290): 430–454. doi:10.1093/res/hgx129. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022 – via Oxford Academic.
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^ Chickering 2002.
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McGrath, Charles (17 June 2007). "Children's Books | Young Adults: Reviews". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2021. the graphic novelist Gareth Hinds has reimagined Beowulf as a kind of superhero tale ... A. J. Church's 1904 prose translation ... James Rumford's Beowulf: A Hero's Tale Retold ... An even better text is Michael Morpurgo's Beowulf ...
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Jaillant, Lise (2013). "A Fine Old Tale of Adventure: Beowulf Told to the Children of the English Race, 1898–1908". Children's Literature Association Quarterly. 38 (4): 399–419. doi:10.1353/chq.2013.0055. S2CID 53377090. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
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^ Liuzza 2013, pp. 51–245.
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^ Liuzza 2013, pp. 1–43.
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Sims, Harley J. (2012). "Rev. of Fulk, Beowulf". The Heroic Age. 15.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 41ff.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 27ff.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 191ff.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 81ff.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 109ff.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 135ff.
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^ Magennis 2011, pp. 161ff.
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Geremia, Silvia (2007). "A Contemporary Voice Revisits the past: Seamus Heaney's Beowulf". Journal of Irish Studies (2): 57.
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Acocella, Joan (2 June 2014). "Slaying Monsters: Tolkien's 'Beowulf'". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
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^ a b c Andersson 1998, p. 130.
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^ a b c Andersson 1998, p. 135.
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^ Panzer 1910.
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^ Andersson 1998, pp. 137, 146.
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^ Andersson 1998, p. 134.
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^ Andersson 1998, p. 146.
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^ Vickrey 2009, p. 209: "I shall continue to use the term Bear's Son for the folktale in question; it is established in Beowulf criticism and certainly Stitt has justified its retention"..
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^ a b Puhvel 1979, p. 2–3.
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^ a b Andersson 1998, p. 136.
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^ Andersson 1998, p. 137.
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^ Cook 1926.
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^ Andersson 1998, pp. 142–43.
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Schaefer, Ursula (1992). "Vokalität: Altenglische Dichtung zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit" [Vocality: Old English Poetry between Orality and Script]. ScriptOralia (in German). 39. Tübingen.
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^ Greenfield 1989, p. 59.
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^ Greenfield 1989, p. 61.
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^ a b
Podgorski, Daniel (3 November 2015). "Ending Unending Feuds: The Portent of Beowulf's Historicization of Violent Conflict". The Gemsbok. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
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^ Francis Leneghan, The Dynastic Drama of Beowulf (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2020)
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