Answer
Some of the methods employed by governments to bind their disparate cultural and/or ethnic groups together include the following:
1. The undermining and destruction of traditional loyalties based on religion, tribal affiliations, kinship or fealty to former rulers.
2. Making investments into potentially rebellious areas to gain their loyalty
3. Weakening of potentially rebellious groups by economic neglect.
4. Use of police and military to enforce central control
5. Forced conversion and assimilation into the dominant religion
6. . Education: teaching of common language and history
7. Encouraging use of national iconography--flag, national
songs, maps
8. Military service.
9. Provision of social services, housing services and medical
care
10. Encouraging participation in political parties
Work Step by Step
Many states do not have a single cultural group but are multi-cultural and/or multi-ethnic. In such cases there is always the possibility that groups will break apart and form separate nations. Cases in point are Yugoslavia , The Sudan and Spain: The first two have disintegrated; the last is holding, but ethnic tensions still threaten its disintegration and it may not hold as a unitary states for more than a few decades .
Because of this threat in many states at many levels, national governments employ these methods to bind their people together.
