Answer
a) Butane
b) 4-propyloctane
c) 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane
d) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
Work Step by Step
a) no. of C atoms in straight chain = 4. So, the prefix 'but' will be added and ending name will be ;ane' for alkane.
b) Here, substituent present is propyl group. Numbering of C atom in straight chain will be done so that the substituent gets the lowest number. So, the numbering will be done from right side. After naming the substituent, prefix 'oct' will be added (no. of C in straight chain = 8) and ending name will be 'ane' for alkane.
c) Two substituents present here are: ethyl and methyl. Numbering of C atoms in straight chain will be done from left side so that the substituents get lowest number (2,4). Substituents are written in alphabetic order and prefix 'hex' will be added for 6 C in straight chain. Ending name will be 'ane'.
d) No. of C in straight chain = 4. Two methyl groups are present in C_{2} Carbon and another two are present in C_{4} Carbon. So, the numbering will be 2,2,4,4 and 'tetra' will be added before 'methyl' as there are total 4 methyl groups present. after that 'but' will be added and ending name will be 'ane' for alkane.
