Answer
a) Pentane
b) 2-methylbutane
c) 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane
d) 3,3-dimethylpentane
Work Step by Step
a) Here, the no. of C atom in straight chain is 5 and no substituent present. So, the prefix 'Pent' will be added according to IUPAC nomenclature rule. Also, for alkane the ending name will be 'ane'.
b)As there is substitute present, first we have to numbering the Carbons in straight chain so that the substituent will get lower number. So, the numbering will be done from right side. Substituent name along with number will be added before prefix 'but' (no. of C in straight chain = 4). ending name will be 'ane' for alkane.
c) Numbering will be done from left side so that the two substituents get lowest number (2,4). Here, two substituents are ethyl and methyl. So, ethyl will be written first because if there are many substituents present it will be written alphabetically. No. of C in straight chain = 6. So, 'hex' will be added and ending name will be 'ane'.
d) Numbering can be done from either side here because substituents will get the same number from both side. Two methyl group is present in same carbon. So, 'di' will be used before methyl and the numbering will be (3,3). No. of C in straight chain = 5. So, 'pent' will be added after substituent name and ending name will be 'ane'.
