Answer
a. is Carbon (C)
b. is Helium ( He)
c.is Sodium (Na)
d. is Calcium (Ca)
e. is Aluminium (Al)
Work Step by Step
study the periodic table (groups and periods) at page 105 ( 4.2 The Periodic Table)
the vertical columns are the groups/family of elements with similar properties
the periods are the horizontal lines, counted from 1 to 7. ( ex: sodium is from the third period, group 1A)