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Pneumothorax
- it is the presence of air in pleural sac leading to lung
collapse .
- if unilateral, hypoxia does not occur because the
the healthy lung will be enough.
- also, all the cardiac output from the right ventricle is
shifted to the normal lung.
- Bilateral Pneumothorax ( = on both sides ) is fatal.
# Types of Pnumothorax :
1) Closed :
- where a communication between the pleura and
atmosphere or lung is closed.
- and air in the pleura is gradually absorbed and
lung re-expand.
- the intrapleural pressure is negative.
2) Open :
- where the pleural sac communicates with the
atmosphere through a wound in the chest wall or
through a bronchus - collapse.
- the intrapleural pressure is zero ( = atmosphere ).
3) Valvular :
- where the opening between pleura and lung acts
as one-way valve allowing air to enter the pleura
during inspiration but prevents its escape during
expiration.
-the intrapleural pressure becomes positive.
4) Artificial :
- where air is injected into the pleural sac to cause
collapse of one lung.
- it may be used for treatment of tuberculosis ( TB).
