Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 10: Infinite Sequences and Series - Section 10.10 - The Binomial Series and Applications of Taylor Series - Exercises 10.10 - Page 633: 6

Answer

$1-\dfrac{4}{3}x+\dfrac{2}{3}x^2-\dfrac{4}{27}x^3$

Work Step by Step

Apply Binomial series formula to find the first four terms. $(1+x)^m=1+\Sigma_{k=1}^\infty \dbinom{m}{k}x^k$ and $\dbinom{m}{k}=\dfrac{m(m-1)(m-2).....(m-k+1)}{k!}$ Thus, we have $(1 -\dfrac{x}{3})^{4}=1+(4)(-\dfrac{x}{3})+\dfrac{(4)(3)(\dfrac{-x}{3})^2}{2!}+\dfrac{(4)(3)(2)(\dfrac{-x}{3})^3}{3!}+...$ or, $=1-\dfrac{4}{3}x+\dfrac{(4)(3)(\dfrac{1}{9})x^2}{2!}+\dfrac{(4)(3)(2)(\dfrac{-1}{27})x^3}{3!}+...=1-\dfrac{4}{3}x+\dfrac{2}{3}x^2-\dfrac{4}{27}x^3+..$ Thus, the first four terms are: $1-\dfrac{4}{3}x+\dfrac{2}{3}x^2-\dfrac{4}{27}x^3$
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