- ^ The Knights Templar order was in fact disbanded in 1312.
- ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. New York: American Heritage Publishing. 1969. p. 862. mā-mā, grandmother + gyo, trouble + mbō, leave.
- ^ Reed, Ishmael (1972). Mumbo Jumbo. p. 148. (In this way, he points his finger at his killers. Few historians have understood this clue.—I.R.)
- ^ Reed, Ishmael (1972). Mumbo Jumbo. p. 21.
- ^ Reed, Ishmael (2017). Mumbo Jumbo. Back Cover: Penguin Classics. Cover Photograph © Ishmael Reed
- ^ Nelson, Alondra (June 2002). "Introduction Future Texts". Social Text. 20 (2): 1–15 [8]. doi:10.1215/01642472-20-2_71-1. Retrieved September 8, 2011.
- ^ Nelson, Alondra; Ron Eglash; Anna Everett; Tana Hargest; Nalo Hopkinson; Tracie Morris; Kalí Tal; Fatimah Tuggar; Alexander G. Weheliye (2002). "Afrofuturism: A Special Issue of Social Text". Social Text (71): 8. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
- ^ Snead, James A. "On Repetition in Black Culture." Black American Literature Forum, No. 15, Vol. 4, Black Textual Strategies, Vol. 1: Theory (Winter 1984). 146–54.
- ^ Schmitz, Neil (April 1974). "Neo-Hoodoo: The Experimental Fiction of Ishmael Reed". Twentieth Century Literature. 20 (2): 126–140 [127]. doi:10.2307/440731. JSTOR 440731.
- ^ a b Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., "The 'Blackness of Blackness': A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey", Critical Inquiry, Vol. 9, No. 4 (June 1983), pp. 685–723.
- ^ Nelson, Alondra. "Introduction Future Texts", Social Text, 71 (Vol. 20, Number 2), Summer 2002, pp. 1–15.
- ^ Ishmael Reed, Mumbo Jumbo, 1972, p. 211.
- ^ Reed, Mumbo Jumbo, 1972, p. 218.
- ^ Reed, Ishmael (December 12, 1976). "Remembering Josephine". The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo at Fifty | Covers". Online Exhibitions | University of Delaware. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Vincent, Rickey (1996), Funk: The Music, The People, and The Rhythm of The One, New York: St. Martin's Griffin, p. 177.
- ^ Pynchon, Thomas, Gravity's Rainbow, London: Penguin Books, 1995, p. 588.
- ^ McAloon, Jonathan (August 1, 2017). "Mumbo Jumbo: a dazzling classic finally gets the recognition it deserves". The Guardian.
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