Beowulf Anonymous - Beowulf

References

Notes

  1. ^ "wíg" means "fight, battle, war, conflict"[18] and "láf" means "remnant, left-over"[19]
  2. ^ That is, R.D. Fulk's 1992 A History of Old English Meter.
  3. ^ For instance, by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf,[87] a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf.
  4. ^ Ecclesiastical or biblical influences are only seen as adding "Christian color", in Andersson's survey. Old English sources hinges on the hypothesis that Genesis A predates Beowulf.
  5. ^ Ludwig Laistner (1889), II, p. 25; Stopford Brooke, I, p. 120; Albert S. Cook (1899) pp. 154–156.
  6. ^ In the interim, Max Deutschbein (1909) is credited by Andersson as the first person to present the Irish argument in academic form. He suggested the Irish Feast of Bricriu (not a folktale) as a source for Beowulf—a theory soon denied by Oscar Olson.[122]
  7. ^ von Sydow was anticipated by Heinz Dehmer in the 1920s, besides the 19th century authors who pointed out "The Hand and the Child" as a parallel.[134]
  8. ^ Carney also sees the Táin Bó Fráech story (where a half-fairy hero fights a dragon in the "Black Pool (Dubh linn)"), but this has received little support.

Citations

  1. ^ "Beowulf". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b Stanley 1981, pp. 9–22.
  3. ^ a b Robinson 2002, p. 143.
  4. ^ Mitchell & Robinson 1998, p. 6.
  5. ^ a b Newton, Sam (1993). The Origins of Beowulf and the Pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85991-361-4.
  6. ^ Chickering, Howell D. (1977). Beowulf (dual-language ed.). New York: Doubleday.
  7. ^ Waugh, Robin (1997). "Literacy, Royal Power, and King-Poet Relations in Old English and Old Norse Compositions". Comparative Literature. 49 (4): 289–315. doi:10.2307/1771534. JSTOR 1771534.
  8. ^ Grigsby, John (2005). Beowulf & Grendel : the truth behind England's oldest myth. Watkins. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-84293-153-0. OCLC 61177107.
  9. ^ Shippey, Tom A. (Summer 2001). "Wicked Queens and Cousin Strategies in Beowulf and Elsewhere, Notes and Bibliography". The Heroic Age (5).
  10. ^ Carruthers, Leo M. (1998). Beowulf. Didier Erudition. p. 37. ISBN 978-2864603474.
  11. ^ Anderson, Carl Edlund (1999). "Formation and Resolution of Ideological Contrast in the Early History of Scandinavia" (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge, Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse & Celtic (Faculty of English). p. 115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
  12. ^ Liuzza 2013, pp. 14–15.
  13. ^ a b Nerman, Birger (1925). Det svenska rikets uppkomst [The Rise of the Swedish Realm]. Stockholm.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ Klingmark, Elisabeth. Gamla Uppsala, Svenska kulturminnen 59 (in Swedish). Riksantikvarieämbetet.
  15. ^ Niles, John D., "Beowulf's Great Hall", History Today, October 2006, 56 (10), pp. 40–44
  16. ^ a b Niles, John D. (October 2006). "Beowulf's Great Hall". History Today. 56 (10): 40–44.
  17. ^ a b Carrigan, E. (1967). "Structure and Thematic Development in "Beowulf"". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature. 66: 1–51. JSTOR 25505137.
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  19. ^ "Láf". Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  20. ^ Beowulf, 26–45
  21. ^ Beowulf, 3140–3170
  22. ^ Beowulf, 87–98
  23. ^ Beowulf, 199–203
  24. ^ Beowulf, 675–687
  25. ^ Beowulf, 757–765
  26. ^ Beowulf, 766–789
  27. ^ Beowulf, 793–804
  28. ^ Beowulf, 808–823
  29. ^ Simpson, James (2012). The Norton Anthology of English Literature vol. A. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 58.
  30. ^ Simpson, James (2012). The Norton Anthology of English Literature vol. A. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 70.
  31. ^ Hansen, E. T. (2008). "Hrothgar's 'sermon' in Beowulf as parental wisdom". Anglo-Saxon England. 10: 53–67. doi:10.1017/S0263675100003203.
  32. ^ Beowulf lines 2712–3182
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  35. ^ Bonjour, Adrien (1950). The Digressions in Beowulf. Basil Blackwell. pp. xv and whole book.
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  65. ^ Joy 2005, p. 2.
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  73. ^ a b Liuzza 2013, pp. 18–20.
  74. ^ Liuzza 2013, p. 36.
  75. ^ Liuzza 2013, p. 119: "gomenwudu grēted, gid oft wrecen, ðonne healgamen Hrōþgāres scop æfter medobence mǣnan scolde,".
  76. ^ Blackburn, F. A. (1897). "The Christian Coloring of Beowulf". PMLA. 12 (2): 210–217. doi:10.2307/456133. JSTOR 456133. S2CID 163940392.
  77. ^ Benson, Larry D. (1967). Creed, R. P. (ed.). The Pagan Coloring of Beowulf. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press. pp. 193–213. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  78. ^ a b Lord 1960, p. 198.
  79. ^ a b Crowne, D. K. (1960). "The Hero on the Beach: An Example of Composition by Theme in Anglo-Saxon Poetry". Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 61.
  80. ^ Zumthor 1984, pp. 67–92.
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  86. ^ Foley, John Miles (1991). The Theory of Oral Composition: History and Methodology. Bloomington: IUP. pp. 109ff.
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  88. ^ Malone, Kemp, ed. (1951). The Thorkelin Transcripts of Beowulf in Facsimile. Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile. Vol. 1. Rosenkilde and Bagger.
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  90. ^ Klaeber, Frederick, ed. (1922). Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg. Heath.
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  92. ^ Klaeber, Frederick, ed. (1950). Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg (3rd ed.). Heath. ISBN 9780669212129.
  93. ^ Fulk, Robert D.; Bjork, Robert E.; Niles, John D., eds. (2008). Klaeber's Beowulf and The Fight at Finnsburg (4th ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  94. ^ Dobbie, Elliott van Kirk (1953). Beowulf and Judish. Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records. Vol. 4. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  95. ^ a b Magennis 2011, pp. 1–25.
  96. ^ Orchard 2003a, pp. 4, 329–30.
  97. ^ a b "Beowulf's Afterlives Bibliographic Database". Beowulf's Afterlives Bibliographic Database. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  98. ^ Schulman & Szarmach 2012, p. 4.
  99. ^ Kears, Carl (10 January 2018). "Eric Mottram and Old English: Revival and Re-Use in the 1970s" (PDF). The Review of English Studies. 69 (290): 430–454. doi:10.1093/res/hgx129. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022 – via Oxford Academic.
  100. ^ Chickering 2002.
  101. ^ McGrath, Charles (17 June 2007). "Children's Books | Young Adults: Reviews". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2021. the graphic novelist Gareth Hinds has reimagined Beowulf as a kind of superhero tale ... A. J. Church's 1904 prose translation ... James Rumford's Beowulf: A Hero's Tale Retold ... An even better text is Michael Morpurgo's Beowulf ...
  102. ^ Jaillant, Lise (2013). "A Fine Old Tale of Adventure: Beowulf Told to the Children of the English Race, 1898–1908". Children's Literature Association Quarterly. 38 (4): 399–419. doi:10.1353/chq.2013.0055. S2CID 53377090. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  103. ^ Liuzza 2013, pp. 51–245.
  104. ^ Liuzza 2013, pp. 1–43.
  105. ^ Sims, Harley J. (2012). "Rev. of Fulk, Beowulf". The Heroic Age. 15.
  106. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 41ff.
  107. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 27ff.
  108. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 191ff.
  109. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 81ff.
  110. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 109ff.
  111. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 135ff.
  112. ^ Magennis 2011, pp. 161ff.
  113. ^ Geremia, Silvia (2007). "A Contemporary Voice Revisits the past: Seamus Heaney's Beowulf". Journal of Irish Studies (2): 57.
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  116. ^ Kay, Jennifer (16 July 2018). "Review: 'The Mere Wife' explores 'Beowulf' in the suburbs". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
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  131. ^ Andersson 1998, p. 146.
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  165. ^ a b Podgorski, Daniel (3 November 2015). "Ending Unending Feuds: The Portent of Beowulf's Historicization of Violent Conflict". The Gemsbok. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
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Sources

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  • Chambers, Raymond Wilson (1921). Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem. The University Press.
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  • Cook, Albert Stanburrough (1926). Beowulfian and Odyssean Voyages. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.
  • Greenfield, Stanley (1989). Hero and Exile. Hambleton Press.
  • Joy, Eileen A. (2005). "Thomas Smith, Humfrey Wanley, and the 'Little-Known Country' of the Cotton Library" (PDF). Electronic British Library Journal. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  • "Anthropological and Cultural Approaches to Beowulf". The Heroic Age (5). Summer–Autumn 2001.
  • Kiernan, Kevin (1996). Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-472-08412-8.
  • Jaillant, Lise. "A Fine Old Tale of Adventure: Beowulf Told to the Children of the English Race, 1898–1908." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 38.4 (2013): 399–419
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  • Lord, Albert (1960). The Singer of Tales. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674002838.
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  • Mitchell, Bruce; Robinson, Fred C. (1998). Beowulf: an edition with relevant shorter texts. Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631172260.
  • Neidorf, Leonard, ed. (2014). The Dating of Beowulf: A Reassessment. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-387-0.
  • North, Richard (2006). "The King's Soul: Danish Mythology in Beowulf". Origins of Beowulf: From Vergil to Wiglaf. Oxford University Press.
  • Orchard, Andy (2003a). A Critical Companion to Beowulf. D.S. Brewer.
  • Panzer, Friedrich (1910). Studien zur germanischen Sagengeschichte – I. Beowulf. C. H. Beck (O. Beck)., and II. Sigfrid (in German)
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  • Schulman, Jana K.; Szarmach, Paul E. (2012). "Introduction". In Schulman, Jana K.; Szarmach, Paul E. (eds.). Beowulf and Kalamazoo. Medieval Institute. pp. 1–11. ISBN 978-1-58044-152-0.
  • Stanley, E. G. (1981). "The date of Beowulf: some doubts and no conclusions". In Chase, Colin (ed.). The Dating of Beowulf. Toronto Old English Series. Vol. 6. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 197–212. ISBN 0-8020-7879-6. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt1287v33.18.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (2006). Bliss, Alan (ed.). Finn and Hengest. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-261-10355-5.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1997) [1958]. Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics and other essays. London: HarperCollins.
  • Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1958). Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics and other essays. London: HarperCollins.
  • Vickrey, John F. (2009). Beowulf and the Illusion of History. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0980149661.
  • Zumthor, Paul (1984). "The Text and the Voice". New Literary History. 16 (1). Englehardt, Marilyn C. (translator): 67–92. doi:10.2307/468776. JSTOR 468776.

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