"Against the Pleasure Principle" and Other Stories Literary Elements

"Against the Pleasure Principle" and Other Stories Literary Elements

Genre

Short fiction, feminism

Setting and Context

Somalia and America.

Narrator and Point of View

Third-person omniscient narrator

Tone and Mood

Grotesque mood and sympathetic tone

Protagonist and Antagonist

Rahma is the protagonist, whereas her mother is the antagonist.

Major Conflict

Rahma’s resolution to relocate to America and deliver her firstborn there

Climax

The Kur festival

Foreshadowing

Rahma’s mother dreads that she would lose Rahma if Rahma goes to America. Besides, she dreads that Rahma’s childbearing would be problematic in America.

Understatement

The assertion that circumcision fosters hygiene belittles the long-term detriments of FGM.

Allusions

Herzi alludes to traditional Somali practices.

Imagery

Herzi bids grotesque imageries of circumcised women’s genitals and the pain they weather throughout their lifespans.

Paradox

Paradoxically, the US has "the best medical care," yet it is not furnished with amenities and personnel to help circumcised women deliver children safely, and American gynecologists are not adequately trained and informed on how to deal with victims of female genital mutilation.

Parallelism

N/A

Metonymy and Synecdoche

Circumcision: “Female Genital Mutilation” (FGM).

Personification

N/A

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