In to kill a mockingbird, what are some interactions the children have that teach them lessons? And what desicions do they make later on using the lessons?

Atticus is assigned Tom Robinson's case. Atticus not only accepts it but also means to do whatever it takes to win. Atticus says it is his duty as a lawyer and a human being to defend Tom. Race and colour does not matter to Atticus Finch, and he instils these values in Scout and Jem. We see Scout and Jem's heartbroken reaction when, despite his obvious innocence, Tom is found guilty.