Okonkwo suffers because he does not understand himself. Do his experiences help lead him to self-awareness or not, and why?

Not really, by the end he is so dejected that he kills himself. He simply can't handle change.

Okonkwo is aware of his mistakes but he simply can't adapt. The arrival of the white Europeans are the final changes Okonkwo can't handle. He has lost all sense of communal and individual identity.