This content is from Wikipedia. We do not consider this content professional or citable. Please use your discretion when relying on it. GradeSaver also offers a professionally written study guide by one of our staff editors.

In popular culture

• 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne
• 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson
• 1934: A film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore
• 1958–59: An opera by Robin Milford
• 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe, a film in German directed by Wim Wenders
• 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard
• 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter", written by Mark Governor, is produced in Los Angeles.
• 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.
• The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F---ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, adapts elements and themes from the novel as the basis for the two contemporary plays.
• 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray
• 2001: The band Tool alludes to the novel in the song "The Grudge" on their album Lateralus with the line "unable to forgive your scarlet letterman."
• 2004: The Scarlet Letter, a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress's monologue that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair
• 2005: The Christian band Casting Crowns released a song titled "Does Anybody Hear Her", which mentions the Scarlet Letter and matches up with the story of Hester Prynne almost perfectly.
• 2005: The Brooklyn Follies novel by Paul Auster involves a plot to forge an original manuscript of The Scarlet Letter. One of the characters claims that the original manuscript was lost—possibly "burned, either by Hawthorne himself, or in a warehouse fire. Others say the printers simply threw the sheets in the garbage—or else used them to light their pipes".
• 2007: The deathcore band As Blood Runs Black released a song titled "Hester Prynne" on their album Allegiance.
• 2007: The Terpsicorps Ballet Company of Asheville, NC interprets The Scarlet Letter.
• 2007: It is featured in the movie Dan in Real Life being read by Dan's daughter, Jane.
• 2008: shAme, a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.^[16]
• 2008: University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas presents the first regular opera adaptation of The Scarlet Letter.
• 2008: Mudvayne released a song called "Scarlet Letters" in the album "The New Game" which was released November 18, 2008.
• 2008: Mystery Dope wrote a song called "The Ballad Of Hester Prynne".
• 2008: Taylor Swift wrote the song "Love Story," mentioning "a scarlet letter."
• 2010: Easy A a film adapted from the book, directed by Will Gluck and starring Emma Stone. A high school girl sees her life reflecting Hester Prynne.
• 2010: Paula Reed published the book "Hester, The Missing Years of 'The Scarlett Letter'", a novel/fantasy, filling in the missing years between Hester and Pearl's disappearance from Boston and Hester's return late in life.
• 2010: Hester Prynne A Crunk/Death Metal/Metal band from Kansas City, Kansas.