What is Ponyboy comparing Two-Bit to when he calls him a “chessy cat?” What figure of speech is this besides a simile?

When Ponyboy says that Two-Bit is "grinning like a Chessy cat", he is comparing him to the character of the Cheshire Cat from the Lewis Carroll story Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The Cheshire Cat is a feline with the magical ability to become invisible except for his toothy smile; oftentimes in the tale, the large grin is all that can be seen of him. Two-bit, who has just played a prank on Ponyboy and Johnny by impersonating a threatening Soc, is grinning from ear to ear, and his demeanor reminds Ponyboy of the famous cat from Alice in Wonderland.

The literary term is an allusion. Pony is using a character from a work of fiction to describe Two-Bit.