Explain perseverance and defeat as it relates to Santiago and Manolin

THey both persevere and are defeated in their own ways. Did you mean both characters?

Santiago perseveres because of faith and determination, and Manolin learns to understand this trait because of Santiago's determination in the fate of great defeat. The old man and the boy feel great loyalty toward each other, and Manolin is the one person who does not abandon the old man because he's been defeated, but rather stands by him because the old man himself will not accept it.

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