The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald

Citations

1. ^ Donahue 2013a.
2. ^ Fitzgerald 1945, p. 16, "Echoes of the Jazz Age".
3. ^ a b c Fitzgerald 1945, p. 18, "Echoes of the Jazz Age".
4. ^ Fitzgerald 1945, p. 15, "Echoes of the Jazz Age": "Scarcely had the staider citizens of the republic caught their breaths when the wildest of all generations, the generation which had been adolescent during the confusion of the [Great] War, brusquely shouldered my contemporaries out of the way and danced into the limelight. This was the generation whose girls dramatized themselves as flappers."
5. ^ Donahue 2013a.
6. ^ a b Fitzgerald 1945, pp. 14–15, "Echoes of the Jazz Age": "Unchaperoned young people of the smaller cities had discovered the mobile privacy of that automobile given to young Bill at sixteen to make him 'self-reliant'. At first petting was a desperate adventure even under such favorable conditions, but presently confidences were exchanged and the old commandment broke down".
7. ^ a b c Bruccoli 2000, pp. 53–54.
8. ^ Donahue 2013a; Gross 1998, p. 167.
9. ^ Fitzgerald 1945, p. 15, "Echoes of the Jazz Age".
10. ^ Fitzgerald 1945, pp. 13–22: Fitzgerald documented the Jazz Age and his life's relation to the era in his essay, "Echoes of the Jazz Age" which was published in the essay collection The Crack-Up.
11. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 11, 129, 140.
12. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 30–31.
13. ^ a b Smith 2003: Fitzgerald later confided to his daughter Frances Scott Fitzgerald that Ginevra King "was the first girl I ever loved" and that he "faithfully avoided seeing her" to "keep the illusion perfect".
14. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 50.
15. ^ West 2005, p. 35.
16. ^ Smith 2003: "That August Fitzgerald visited Ginevra in Lake Forest, Illinois. Afterward he wrote in his ledger foreboding words, spoken to him perhaps by Ginevra's father, 'Poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls'".
17. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 70.
18. ^ a b Bruccoli 2002, pp. 80, 82. Fitzgerald wished to be killed in battle, and he hoped that his novel would become a great success in the wake of his death.
19. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 79–80.
20. ^ West 2005, p. 73; Bruccoli 2002, pp. 86, 91
21. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 91.
22. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 85, 89, 90: "Zelda would question whether he was ever going to make enough money for them to marry", and Fitzgerald was compelled to prove that "he was rich enough for her".
23. ^ Wagner-Martin 2004, p. 24.
24. ^ Wagner-Martin 2004, p. 24; Bruccoli 2002, pp. 189, 437.
25. ^ Turnbull 1962, p. 111: "Zelda was no housekeeper. Sketchy about ordering meals, she completely ignored the laundry".
26. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 79–82.
27. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 87: "Fame and fortune did not seem to be materializing on schedule for Fitzgerald, and Zelda was fretting her time away in Montgomery wondering if she ought not to marry one of her more eligible and financially better equipped admirers".
28. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 164.
29. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 135, 140.
30. ^ Mizener 1965, pp. 140–41.
31. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 140: Although Fitzgerald strove "to become member of the community of the rich, to live from day to day as they did, to share their interests and tastes", he found such a privileged lifestyle to be morally disquieting.
32. ^ a b Mizener 1965, p. 141: Fitzgerald "admired deeply the rich" and yet his wealthy friends often disappointed or repulsed him. Consequently, he harbored "the smouldering hatred of a peasant" towards the wealthy and their milieu.
33. ^ Lask 1971: The valley of ashes was a landfill in Flushing Meadows, Queens. "In those empty spaces and graying heaps, part of which was known as the Corona Dumps, Fitzgerald found his perfect image for the callous and brutal betrayal of the incurably innocent Gatsby". Flushing Meadows was drained and became the location of the 1939 World's Fair.
34. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, pp. 39, 188.
35. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 190.
36. ^ McCullen 2007, pp. 11–20.
37. ^ a b c Bruccoli 2002, p. 178: "Jay Gatsby was inspired in part by a local figure, Max Gerlach. Near the end of her life Zelda Fitzgerald said that Gatsby was based on 'a neighbor named Von Guerlach or something who was said to be General Pershing's nephew and was in trouble over bootlegging'".
38. ^ Kruse 2002, pp. 45–46.
39. ^ a b Conor 2004, p. 301: "Fitzgerald's literary creation Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby was identified with the type of the flapper. Her pictorial counterpart was drawn by the American cartoonist John Held Jr., whose images of party-going flappers who petted in cars frequented the cover of the American magazine Life during the 1920s".
40. ^ Corrigan 2014, p. 58: "Because she's the one who got away, Ginevra—even more than Zelda—is the love who lodged like an irritant in Fitzgerald's imagination, producing the literary pearl that is Daisy Buchanan".
41. ^ Borrelli 2013.
42. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. 9: "His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed. There was a touch of paternal contempt in it, even toward people he liked".
43. ^ Slater 1973, p. 54; Bruccoli 2000, pp. 9–11, 246; Baker 2016.
44. ^ Kruse 2014, pp. 82–88.
45. ^ a b Bruccoli 2000, pp. 9–11, 246; Bruccoli 2002, p. 86; West 2005, pp. 66–70.
46. ^ West 2005, pp. 4, 57–59.
47. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 211.
48. ^ West 2005, pp. 57–59.
49. ^ Bruccoli 2000, pp. 9–11.
50. ^ Whipple 2019, p. 85.
51. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. 184. Editor Matthew J. Bruccoli notes: "This name combines two automobile makes: The sporty Jordan and the conservative Baker electric".
52. ^ Tredell 2007, p. 124: An index note refers to Laurence E. MacPhee's "The Great Gatsby's Romance of Motoring: Nick Carraway and Jordan Baker", Modern Fiction Studies, 18 (Summer 1972), pp. 207–212.
53. ^ Fitzgerald 2006, p. 95; Fitzgerald 1997, p. 184.
54. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. 23.
55. ^ Fitzgerald 2006, p. 18; Tate 2007, p. 101.
56. ^ Tredell 2007, p. 64.
57. ^ Tredell 2007, pp. 54–55; Fitzgerald 1991, pp. 28–29.
58. ^ Fitzgerald 2006, p. 18; Tate 2007, p. 101; Fitzgerald 1991, p. 107.
59. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 184.
60. ^ a b c d e f g Mizener 1960.
61. ^ Curnutt 2004, p. 58; Bruccoli 2002, p. 185.
62. ^ Fitzgerald 1963, p. 189.
63. ^ Turnbull 1962, p. 150.
64. ^ Murphy 2010: From Fall 1922 to Spring 1924, Fitzgerald and his wife Zelda resided at 6 Gateway Drive in Great Neck, New York. While reflecting upon the wild parties held during the Jazz Age on "that slender riotous island", Fitzgerald wrote the early story fragments which would become The Great Gatsby.
65. ^ a b Bruccoli 2000, pp. 38–39.
66. ^ Kellogg 2011.
67. ^ Bruccoli 2000, p. 45.
68. ^ Randall 2003, pp. 275–277.
69. ^ Kruse 2014, pp. 13–14: Biographer Arthur Mizener wrote in a January 1951 letter to Max Gerlach that "Edmund Wilson, the literary critic, told me that Fitzgerald came to his house, apparently from yours [Gerlach's], and told him with great fascination about the life you were leading. Naturally, it fascinated him as all splendor did".
70. ^ a b Kruse 2014, pp. 23–24.
71. ^ Kruse 2014, p. 20.
72. ^ Kruse 2002, p. 51.
73. ^ Kruse 2014, pp. 6, 20.
74. ^ Kruse 2002, pp. 53–54, 47–48, 63–64.
75. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 178; Kruse 2002, pp. 47–48; Kruse 2014, p. 15.
76. ^ Kruse 2014, p. 15.
77. ^ Kruse 2002, p. 47.
78. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 178.
79. ^ Kruse 2002, p. 60.
80. ^ Kruse 2002, pp. 45–83; Bruccoli 2002, p. 178.
81. ^ Lopate 2014; Churchwell 2013a, pp. 1–9.
82. ^ Powers 2013, pp. 9–11.
83. ^ West 2002, p. xi.
84. ^ Bruccoli 2000, pp. 53–54; Eble 1974, p. 37; Haglund 2013.
85. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, pp. xvi, xx.
86. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. xxvii.
87. ^ Eble 1964, p. 325.
88. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 178; Bruccoli 1978, p. 176.
89. ^ a b Alter 2013.
90. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 190: Fitzgerald wrote in his private ledger: "Out of woods at last and starting novel".
91. ^ a b c Eble 1974, p. 37.
92. ^ Flanagan 2000; Leader 2000, pp. 13–15.
93. ^ Quirk 1982, p. 578.
94. ^ a b Bruccoli 1978, pp. 171–172; Quirk 1982, p. 578.
95. ^ Harvey 1995, p. 76: "Marian Forrester, then, represents the American Dream boldly focused on self, almost fully disengaged from the morals and ethics to which it had been tied in the nineteenth century".
96. ^ Funda 1995, p. 275; Rosowski 1977, p. 51.
97. ^ a b c Scribner 1992, pp. 145–146: "Since there were at most a couple of weeks between the commission and Fitzgerald's departure for France, it is likely that what he had seen—and "written into the book"—was one or more of Cugat's preparatory sketches which were probably shown to him at Scribners before he set sail".
98. ^ a b Scribner 1992, pp. 143–144.
99. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 195; Milford 1970, p. 112; Howell 2013.
100. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 206.
101. ^ a b Perkins 2004, pp. 27–30.
102. ^ Eble 1974, p. 38.
103. ^ Tate 2007, p. 326.
104. ^ Bruccoli 2000, pp. 54–56; Bruccoli 2002, p. 215.
105. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 213.
106. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 215.
107. ^ F. Scott Fitzgerald's ledger 1919–1938; Zuckerman 2013.
108. ^ a b c d Mizener 1965, p. 185; Bruccoli 2002, pp. 206–207.
109. ^ The Economist 2012.
110. ^ a b c d Vanderbilt 1999, p. 96.
111. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 207.
112. ^ West 2002.
113. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. 88, Chapter 7, opening sentence: "It was when curiosity about Gatsby was at its highest that the lights in his house failed to go on one Saturday night—and, as obscurely as it had begun, his career as Trimalchio was over".
114. ^ Fitzgerald 2000, pp. vii–viii: Tanner's introduction to the Penguin Books edition.
115. ^ Hill, Burns & Shillingsburg 2002, p. 331.
116. ^ Fitzgerald & Perkins 1971, p. 87.
117. ^ Bruccoli 2002, pp. 206–207.
118. ^ Tate 2007, p. 87: "He settled on The Great Gatsby in December 1924, but in January and March 1925 he continued to express his concern to Perkins about the title, cabling from CAPRI on March 19: CRAZY ABOUT TITLE UNDER THE RED WHITE AND BLUE STOP WHART [sic] WOULD DELAY BE"
119. ^ a b c Churchwell 2013b.
120. ^ Lipton 2013: "Fitzgerald, who despised the title The Great Gatsby and toiled for months to think of something else, wrote to Perkins that he had finally found one: Under the Red, White, and Blue. Unfortunately, it was too late to change".
121. ^ Lazo 2003, p. 75.
122. ^ Bruccoli 2002, pp. 215–217.
123. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 141–155.
124. ^ a b Scribner 1992, p. 141.
125. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 202.
126. ^ a b Scribner 1992, pp. 140–155.
127. ^ Scribner 1992, p. 146.
128. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 148–149.
129. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 149–151.
130. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 149–153.
131. ^ Scribner 1992, p. 154.
132. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 145, 154.
133. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 143, 154.
134. ^ Scribner 1992, p. 145: "It is entirely conceivable that Fitzgerald had never seen Cugat's final, finished artwork".
135. ^ a b Scribner 1992, p. 142.
136. ^ Scribner 1992, pp. 140–155: "We are left then with the enticing possibility that Fitzgerald's arresting image was originally prompted by Cugat's fantastic apparitions over the valley of ashes; in other words, that the author derived his inventive metamorphosis from a recurrent theme of Cugat's trial jackets, one which the artist himself was to reinterpret and transform through subsequent drafts".
137. ^ Hemingway 1964, p. 176: "Scott brought his book over. It had a garish dust jacket and I remember being embarrassed by the violence, bad taste, and slippery look of it. It looked like the book jacket for a book of bad science fiction. Scot told me not to be put off by it, that it had to do with a billboard along a highway in Long Island that was important in the story. He said he had liked the jacket and now he didn't like it. I took it off to read the book".
138. ^ a b Bruccoli 2002, p. 217.
139. ^ a b O'Meara 2002, p. 49; Bruccoli 2002, p. 217.
140. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 218.
141. ^ Mizener 1960; Quirk 1982, p. 576.
142. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 217; Mizener 1965, p. 193.
143. ^ Clark 1925.
144. ^ Ford 1925.
145. ^ New York Post 1925.
146. ^ New York Herald Tribune 1925.
147. ^ Mencken 1925, p. 9: "The Great Gatsby is in form no more than a glorified anecdote, and not too probable at that. The story for all its basic triviality has a fine texture; a careful and brilliant finish ... What gives the story distinction is something quite different from the management of the action or the handling of the characters; it is the charm and beauty of the writing".
148. ^ Eagleton 1925: "[Fitzgerald] is considered a Roman candle which burned brightly at first but now flares out".
149. ^ Coghlan 1925.
150. ^ Snyder 1925.
151. ^ McClure 1925.
152. ^ Fitzgerald 1945, p. 270, Letter to Edmund Wilson.
153. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 219; Flanagan 2000; Leader 2000, pp. 13–15.
154. ^ Kruse 2002, p. 75.
155. ^ O'Meara 2002, p. 49.
156. ^ a b Bruccoli 2000, p. 175.
157. ^ Howell 2013; F. Scott Fitzgerald's ledger 1919–1938.
158. ^ a b c Rimer 2008.
159. ^ Donahue 2013b: "When 'Gatsby' author F. Scott Fitzgerald died in 1940, he thought he was a failure".
160. ^ Fitzgerald's obituary 1940: "The best of his books, the critics said, was The Great Gatsby. When it was published in 1925 this ironic tale of life on Long Island, at a time when gin was the national drink and sex the national obsession, it received critical acclaim. In it, Mr. Fitzgerald was at his best".
161. ^ Mizener 1960: "Writers like John O'Hara were showing its influence and younger men like Edward Newhouse and Budd Schulberg, who would presently be deeply affected by it, were discovering it".
162. ^ Cole 1984, p. 25.
163. ^ Cole 1984, p. 26: "One hundred fifty-five thousand ASE copies of The Great Gatsby were distributed-as against the twenty-five thousand copies of the novel printed by Scribners between 1925 and 1942".
164. ^ Wittels 1945: "Troops showed interest in books about the human mind and books with sexual situations were grabbed up eagerly. One soldier said that books with 'racy' passages were as popular as 'pin-up girls'".
165. ^ Mizener 1960; Verghis 2013.
166. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 217; Mizener 1960.
167. ^ Verghis 2013.
168. ^ Mizener 1965.
169. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 183.
170. ^ Tredell 2007, p. 90.
171. ^ Eble 1974, pp. 34, 45; Batchelor 2013.
172. ^ Menand, Louis (February 27, 2005). "Believer". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
173. ^ Ebert 2011, p. 304.
174. ^ Hogeback 2016; Lacayo & Grossman 2010; Burt 2010.
175. ^ Italie 2020.
176. ^ Tredell 2007, pp. 89–90.
177. ^ a b Donahue 2013b.
178. ^ Alter 2018; Williams 2021.
179. ^ Alberge, Dalya (February 12, 2022). "The Great Gapsby? How modern editions of classics lost the plot". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 12, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
180. ^ Kazin 1951, p. 189; Bewley 1954, pp. 223–224.
181. ^ Pearson 1970, p. 638: "[Fitzgerald] was the self-appointed spokesman for the 'Jazz Age,' a term he takes credit for coining, and he gave it its arch-high priest and prophet, Jay Gatsby, in his novel The Great Gatsby".
182. ^ a b c Pearson 1970, p. 638.
183. ^ Pearson 1970, p. 645.
184. ^ Bewley 1954, pp. 235, 238: "For Gatsby, Daisy does not exist in herself. She is the green light that signals him into the heart of his ultimate vision ... Thus the American dream, whose superstitious valuation of the future began in the past, gives the green light through which alone the American returns to his traditional roots, paradoxically retreating into the pattern of history while endeavoring to exploit the possibilities of the future".
185. ^ Churchwell 2012.
186. ^ Churchwell 2013b; Gillespie 2013; Bechtel 2017, p. 117.
187. ^ Gillespie 2013; Bechtel 2017, p. 117; Churchwell 2013b.
188. ^ a b c d Gillespie 2013.
189. ^ Bechtel 2017, p. 120.
190. ^ Bechtel 2017, pp. 117, 128.
191. ^ Drudzina 2006, pp. 17–20.
192. ^ Conor 2004, p. 209: "More than any other type of the Modern Woman, it was the Flapper who embodied the scandal which attached to women's new public visibility, from their increasing street presence to their mechanical reproduction as spectacles".
193. ^ Conor 2004, pp. 210, 221.
194. ^ Fitzgerald 1945, p. 16, "Echoes of the Jazz Age": The flappers, "if they get about at all, know the taste of gin or corn at sixteen".
195. ^ Conor 2004, p. 209.
196. ^ a b Person 1978, pp. 250–257.
197. ^ a b Person 1978, p. 253.
198. ^ Person 1978, pp. 250–257; Donahue 2013a.
199. ^ a b c Person 1978, p. 250.
200. ^ Person 1978, p. 256.
201. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 156; Milford 1970, p. 80; Turnbull 1962, p. 127.
202. ^ Person 1978, pp. 253, 256.
203. ^ Slater 1973, p. 55; Pekarofski 2012, p. 52; Michaels 1995, pp. 18, 29; Vogel 2015, p. 43; Berman 1996, p. 33.
204. ^ Slater 1973, p. 54; Michaels 1995, p. 29.
205. ^ Slater 1973, p. 54; Vogel 2015, p. 36; Pekarofski 2012, p. 52.
206. ^ Michaels 1995, p. 29.
207. ^ Pekarofski 2012, p. 52; Michaels 1995, pp. 18, 29.
208. ^ Berman 1996, p. 33.
209. ^ Slater 1973, p. 53: "An obsessive concern with ethnic differences has always been a part of American culture, but in some periods this concern has been more intense and explicit than in others. The 1920s, the time of the reborn Ku Klux Klan, immigration restriction legislation, and the pseudo-scientific racism of Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard was one of the periods when concern about ethnicity was most evident on the surface of national life".
210. ^ Vogel 2015, p. 38.
211. ^ a b Vogel 2015, p. 45.
212. ^ Vogel 2015, p. 40; Slater 1973, p. 54.
213. ^ Pekarofski 2012, p. 52.
214. ^ a b Slater 1973, p. 56.
215. ^ Vogel 2015, p. 41.
216. ^ Vogel 2015, pp. 29–30, 33, 38–40, 51: "The Great Gatsby resonates more in the present than it ever did in the Jazz Age", and "the work speaks in strikingly familiar terms to the issues of our time", especially since its "themes are inextricably woven into questions of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality".
217. ^ Vogel 2015, pp. 38–40.
218. ^ Fessenden 2005, p. 28: "Fitzgerald's career records the ambient, dogging pressure to repel charges of his own homosexuality".
219. ^ a b Bruccoli 2002, p. 284: According to biographer Matthew J. Bruccoli, author Robert McAlmon and other contemporaries in Paris publicly asserted that Fitzgerald was a homosexual, and Hemingway later avoided Fitzgerald due to these rumors.
220. ^ Milford 1970, p. 154; Kerr 1996, p. 417.
221. ^ Fessenden 2005, p. 28: "Biographers describe Fay as a 'fin-de-siècle aesthete' of considerable appeal; 'a dandy, always heavily perfumed,' who introduced the teenaged Fitzgerald to Oscar Wilde and good wine".
222. ^ Fessenden 2005, p. 28.
223. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 275: "If Fay was a homosexual, as has been asserted without proof, Fitzgerald was presumably unaware of it".
224. ^ Fessenden 2005, p. 30.
225. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 60: "In February he put on his Show Girl make-up and went to a Psi U dance at the University of Minnesota with his old friend Gus Schurmeier as escort. He spent the evening casually asking for cigarettes in the middle of the dance floor and absent-mindedly drawing a small vanity case from the top of a blue stocking".
226. ^ a b Fessenden 2005, p. 33.
227. ^ Milford 1970, p. 183.
228. ^ Fitzgerald & Fitzgerald 2002, p. 65.
229. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 275: "Zelda extended her attack on Fitzgerald's masculinity by charging that he was involved in a homosexual liaison with Hemingway".
230. ^ Fessenden 2005, pp. 32–33.
231. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 275.
232. ^ a b Kerr 1996, p. 406.
233. ^ Turnbull 1962, p. 259.
234. ^ Fessenden 2005, p. 31: The novel "includes some queer energies, to be sure—we needn't revisit the more gossipy strains of Fitzgerald biography to note that it's Nick who delivers the sensuous goods on Gatsby from beginning to end".
235. ^ Kazin 1951, p. 202.
236. ^ Paulson 1978, p. 326.
237. ^ Friedrich 1960, p. 394.
238. ^ Kerr 1996, p. 406: "It was in the 1970s that readers first began to address seriously the themes of gender and sexuality in The Great Gatsby; a few critics have pointed out the novel's bizarre homoerotic leitmotif".
239. ^ Vogel 2015, p. 34.
240. ^ Kerr 1996, pp. 412, 414.
241. ^ Kerr 1996, pp. 409–411; Vogel 2015, p. 34; Lisca 1967, pp. 20–21; Paulson 1978, p. 329; Wasiolek 1992, pp. 20–21.
242. ^ Vogel 2015, pp. 31, 51: "Among the most significant contributions of The Great Gatsby to the present is its intersectional exploration of identity.... these themes are inextricably woven into questions of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality".
243. ^ Paulson 1978, p. 329: Commenting upon Nick's sexual confusion, A. B. Paulson remarked in 1978 that "the novel is about identity, about leaving home and venturing into a world of adults, about choosing a profession, about choosing a sexual role to play as well as a partner to love, it is a novel that surely appeals on several deep levels to the problems of adolescent readers".
244. ^ Keeler 2018, pp. 174–188; Marx 1964, pp. 358, 362–364; Little 2015, pp. 3–26.
245. ^ Marx 1964, pp. 358–364.
246. ^ Marx 1964, p. 358.
247. ^ Marx 1964, p. 362.
248. ^ a b c Marx 1964, pp. 363–364
249. ^ Mizener 1965, p. 190; Marx 1964, p. 363.
250. ^ Turnbull 1962, p. 46: "In those days the contrasts between East and West, between city and country, between prep school and high school were more marked than they are now, and correspondingly the nuances of dress and manners were more noticeable".
251. ^ a b c d e Keeler 2018, p. 174.
252. ^ a b Krystal 2015.
253. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. liv.
254. ^ Fitzgerald 1991, p. 148.
255. ^ a b c Berrin 2013.
256. ^ Krystal 2015; Bruccoli 2000, p. 29; Mizener 1965, p. 186.
257. ^ Bruccoli 2002, p. 179; Mizener 1965, p. 186
258. ^ Bruccoli 2000, p. 29.
259. ^ Hindus 1947.
260. ^ Hindus 1947; Berrin 2013.
261. ^ Playbill 1926: Reproduction of original program at the Ambassador Theatre in 1926.
262. ^ Tredell 2007, pp. 93–95.
263. ^ Skinner 2006.
264. ^ Brantley 2010.
265. ^ Stevens 1999.
266. ^ Grossberg 2009.
267. ^ Kaufman 2011; Aguirre 2011.
268. ^ Heckmann, Ann Marie (July 25, 2023). "Jeremy Jordan & Eva Noblezada to Star in Paper Mill Playhouse's World Premiere of The Great Gatsby, a New Musical". Paper Mill Playhouse. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
269. ^ "Full cast announced for Great Gatsby musical with Jeremy Jordan and Eva Noblezada". September 6, 2023. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
270. ^ "The Great Gatsby's Jeremy Jordan and Eva Noblezada Tease How the Page-to-Stage Musical Will Come Alive on Broadway".
271. ^ "The Great Gatsby Begins Performances on Broadway March 29". www.playbill.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2024. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
272. ^ "Gatsby at A.R.T." americanrepertorytheater.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
273. ^ Dixon 2003.
274. ^ a b Howell 2013; Hischak 2012, pp. 85–86.
275. ^ a b Dixon 2003; Hischak 2012, pp. 85–86.
276. ^ Giardina 2021.
277. ^ Hyatt 2006, pp. 49–50.
278. ^ a b Hischak 2012, pp. 85–86.
279. ^ Howell 2013.
280. ^ Flood, Alison (July 15, 2020). "The Great Gatsby prequel set for release days after copyright expires". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
281. ^ Wick, Jessica (June 6, 2021). "This Retelling Of 'Gatsby' Has Demonic Flair To Spare". NPR. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
282. ^ Grossman, Mary Ann (October 30, 2021). "Readers and writers: Poet gives Jay Gatsby a new gay life with Nick Carraway in debut novel". Twin Cities Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on July 26, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
283. ^ Cerézo, Arvyn (September 16, 2022). "Longlists Announced for 2022 National Book Awards". Archived from the original on October 5, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
284. ^ Gurdon 2021.
285. ^ Pitts 1986, p. 127.
286. ^ White 2007.
287. ^ Forrest 2012.
288. ^ Benedetti 2010.
289. ^ Paskin 2010.
290. ^ Bell 2011.
291. ^ Crouch 2011.
292. ^ "The Great Gatsby for NES". greatgatsbygame.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
293. ^ Hoey, Charlie. "Lots of false leads over the past 11 years, but we FINALLY tracked down an actual ROM dump for The Great Gatsby Game. Enjoy". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
294. ^ Smith, Peter. "11 years ago today, @flimshaw and I launched our hit Flash game The Great Gatsby for NES. Today we're launching it again... as an actual 8-bit game. Presenting The Great Gatsby for NES... for NES". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
295. ^ Kirk, Morgan & Wickman 2013.
296. ^ Sarkar 2013.

Print sources

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