University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321973615
ISBN 13: 978-0-32197-361-0

Chapter 12 - Fluid Mechanics - Problems - Exercises - Page 393: 12.55

Answer

$2.61 \times 10^4 \, \mathrm{Nm}$

Work Step by Step

With the origin at the hinge, I'll call the total height of the gate $H$, the vertical distance from the origin $h$ and the width of the gate $l$. I'll start out by finding the force $dF_1$ acting on the upper part of the gate. With positive $y$-direction up: $$ p = \frac{dF_1}{dA} = \rho h\big(\tfrac{H}{2} - h\big) \Rightarrow dF_1 = \rho gl\big(\tfrac{H}{2} - h\big)dh $$ Now to find the torque $d\tau_1$ acting on this strip: $$ d\tau_1 = h \times dF_1 = \rho gl\big(\tfrac{H}{2}h - h^2\big)dh $$ Integrating from $h=0$ to $h=\tfrac{H}{2}$ to find the total torque $\tau_1$ acting on the upper part of the gate: $$ \tau_1 = \rho gl \int_0^{H/2} \big(\tfrac{H}{2}h - h^2\big)\, \mathrm{d}h = \rho gl \frac{H^3}{48} $$ I'll find the force and torque acting on the lower part of the gate using the same procedure and positive $y$-direction down: $$ dF_2 = \rho gl\big(\tfrac{H}{2} + h\big)dh $$ $$ d\tau_2 = \rho gl\big(\tfrac{H}{2}h + h^2\big)dh$$ $$ \tau_2 = \rho gl \frac{5H^3}{48} $$ These to torques are opposite, the total torque is the difference: $$ \Sigma \tau = \tau_2 - \tau_1 = \rho gl \frac{H^3}{12} =$$ $$ (1.00 \times 10^3 \, \mathrm{kg/m^3})(9.80 \, \mathrm{m/s^2})(4.00 \, \mathrm{m})\frac{(2.00 \, \mathrm{m})^3}{12} = 2.61 \times 10^4 \, \mathrm{Nm} $$ This net torque is of course acting on the lower part of the gate, since the pressure due to the water is higher there.
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