Answer
See work below.
Work Step by Step
We want to obtain the dimensions of acceleration, length divided by time squared, $\frac{L}{T^2}$.
To work with, we have speed v, with dimensions of length over time $\frac{L}{T}$, and the radius r, with dimensions of length, L.
To get units of time squared in the denominator, we must square the speed. However, the dimensions of speed squared are $\frac{L^2}{T^2}$. This has an extra power of length compared to what we want, so divide by the radius.
Our final answer is $\frac{v^2}{r}$.
Dimensionless factors such as 2 or $\pi$ cannot be determined using dimensional analysis.