Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 9 - Impulse and Momentum - Exercises and Problems - Page 242: 38

Answer

a) $11.9\;\rm s$ b) $41.7^\circ $ north of west.

Work Step by Step

We take the center of the circular ice rink to be our origin $(0,0)$. We chose east to be the positive $x$-direction and north to be the positive $y$-direction. By this coordinate, the initial velocities of the two skaters are given by The one who is heading north: $$v_1=(0\;\hat i+2.5\;\hat j)\;\rm m/s\tag 1$$ The one who is heading west: $$v_2=(-3.5\;\hat i+0\;\hat j)\;\rm m/s\tag 2$$ The two skaters will collide at the origin and stick together while moving to the edge of the rink as one unit in a straight line. This means that they will travel a distance of $R=25\;\rm m$ where $R$ is the radius of the rink. Thus, the time of the trip is given by $$v_f=\dfrac{R}{t}$$ $$t=\dfrac{R}{v_f}\tag 3$$ We assume that the ice is frictionless, so the momentum of the system (the two skaters) is conserved. Thus, $$m_1v_1+m_2v_2=(m_1+m_2)v_f$$ Plugging the known; $$75v_1+60v_2=(75+60)v_f$$ Plugging from (1) and (2); $$75(0\;\hat i+2.5\;\hat j)+60(-3.5\;\hat i+0\;\hat j)=(75+60)v_f$$ $$(75\times 2.5)\;\hat j +(60\times -3.5)\;\hat i =(75+60)v_f$$ Therefore, $$v_f=\dfrac{(75\times 2.5)\;\hat j +(60\times -3.5)\;\hat i }{75+60}$$ $$v_f=\dfrac{(75\times 2.5)\;\hat j }{75+60}+\dfrac{(60\times -3.5)\;\hat i }{75+60}$$ $$v_f=({\bf -1.556}\;\hat i +{\bf 1.389}\;\hat j )\;\rm m/s$$ Now we need to find its magnitude which is given by applying the Pythagorean theorem. $$|v_f|=\sqrt{v_{fx}^2+v_{fy}^2}=\sqrt{( -1.556)^2+(1.389)^2}$$ $$v_f=\bf 2.1\;\rm m/s$$ Plugging into (3); a) $$t=\dfrac{R}{v_f}=\dfrac{25}{2.1}=\color{red}{\bf 11.9}\;\rm s$$ b) And the direction of their velocity, relative to the west, is given by $$\tan\theta=\dfrac{v_{fy}}{v_{fx}}$$ $$\theta=\tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{v_{fy}}{v_{fx}}\right)$$ $$\theta=\tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{ 1.389}{ 1.556}\right)=\color{red}{\bf41.7^\circ}$$ which is $41.7^\circ $ north of west.
Update this answer!

You can help us out by revising, improving and updating this answer.

Update this answer

After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback.