Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 36 - Relativity - Exercises and Problems - Page 1098: 21

Answer

$\approx {\bf 46}\;\rm m/s$

Work Step by Step

Let's assume that the frame of the stationary clock is $S$, and the frame of the moving one is $S'$. We are given that the time difference for the moving clock is $$dt' =1\;\rm day=\bf (86400)\;\rm s\tag 1$$ while then the time difference for the stationary clock $$ dt = \rm1.0 \;day+1\;ns =\bf ( 86400+10^{-9}) \rm\;s\tag 2$$ According to time dilation, a moving clock runs slower than a stationary clock. So we can use the following equation for time relation. $$dt=\gamma \;dt' \tag 3$$ where $\gamma=1/\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}$ As the author told us, we can use the binomial approximation for $\gamma$, $$\gamma=\left[1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}\right]^{-1/2}\approx \left[1-\frac{-1}{2}\dfrac{v^2}{c^2}\right]$$ $$\gamma\approx 1+\dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}$$ Plug into (3); $$dt= \left[ 1+\dfrac{v^2}{2c^2}\right]dt'$$ Solving for $v$; $$\dfrac{dt}{dt'}= 1+\dfrac{v^2}{2c^2} $$ $$\dfrac{dt}{dt'}-1= \dfrac{v^2}{2c^2} $$ $$v=c\;\sqrt{2\left[\dfrac{dt}{dt'}-1\right]} $$ Plug the known and from (1), and (2); $$v=(3\times 10^8) \sqrt{2\left[\dfrac{( 86400+10^{-9})}{(86400 )}-1\right]} $$ $$v=45.6\;\rm m/s\approx \color{red}{\bf 46}\;\rm m/s$$
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