Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 33 - Electromagnetic Induction - Exercises and Problems - Page 1001: 73

Answer

a) ${\bf 75.9}\;\rm mA$ b) ${\bf 0.5}\;\rm ms$

Work Step by Step

$$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ When moving the switch to position 2, we have an $LC$ circuit with a fully charged capacitor at $t=0$ s. Recalling that the dynamics of the charge on the capacitor in $LC$-circuits is given by $$Q=Q_0\cos(\omega t)$$ so the current in this circuit is given by $$I=-\dfrac{ dQ}{dt}=-\dfrac{d}{dt}Q_0\cos(\omega t)$$ $$I= Q_0\omega \sin(\omega t)\tag 1$$ where $Q_0 \omega =I_0$ where $I_0$ is the maximum current. Hence, $$I_0= Q_0 \omega $$ when $Q_0=(\Delta V_C)_{\rm max} C$, and $\omega=\sqrt{1/LC}$, $$I_0=\dfrac{ (\Delta V_C)_{\rm max} C}{\sqrt{LC}} $$ where $ (\Delta V_C)_{\rm max}=\Delta V_{\rm battery}$ since the capacitor was fully charged when it was connected to the battery. $$I_0=\dfrac{ V_{\rm battery} C}{\sqrt{LC}} $$ $$I_0=\dfrac{ V_{\rm battery} \sqrt{C}}{\sqrt{L }} $$ Plug the known; $$I_0=\dfrac{ (12) \sqrt{(2\times 10^{-6})}}{\sqrt{(50\times 10^{-3})}} $$ $$I_0=\color{red}{\bf 75.9}\;\rm mA$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ From (1), the current is first maximized when $\sin(\omega t)=1$, hence $$\omega t=\dfrac{\pi }{2}$$ $$ t=\dfrac{\pi }{2\omega}=\dfrac{\pi \sqrt{LC} }{2 }$$ Plug the known; $$ t =\dfrac{\pi }{2 }\sqrt{(50\times 10^{-3})(2\times 10^{-6})} $$ $$t=\color{red}{\bf 0.5}\;\rm ms$$ Note that the current is a sinusoidal function, so the current is maximized at $T/4$ starting from $t=0$ where $T$ is the period. So we can obtain the same result by finding the period.
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