Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 3 - Vectors and Coordinate Systems - Exercises and Problems - Page 83: 19

Answer

a) See the figure below. b) $\vec A =(2.819\;{\rm m} )\hat i-(1.026\;{\rm m} )\hat j$, $\vec B =(0\;{\rm m} )\hat i+(2\;{\rm m} )\hat j$, $\vec C=-(1.71\;{\rm m} )\hat i-(4.698\;{\rm m} )\hat j$ c) $3.89\;\rm m, 286.6^\circ$

Work Step by Step

a) We drew the 3 vectors, as you see in the figure below. b) $$\vec A=A_x\hat i+A_y\hat j=(|A|\cos \theta_A )\hat i+(|A|\sin\theta_A )\hat j$$ Noting that $\theta_A=360-20=\bf 340^\circ$ Plugging the known; $$\vec A =(3\cos 340^\circ )\hat i+(3\sin340^\circ )\hat j$$ $$\boxed{\vec A =(2.819\;{\rm m} )\hat i-(1.026\;{\rm m} )\hat j}$$ $$\vec B=B_x\hat i+B_y\hat j=(|B|\cos \theta_B )\hat i+(|B|\sin\theta_B )\hat j$$ Noting that $\theta_B =\bf 90^\circ$ Plugging the known; $$\vec B =(2\cos 90^\circ )\hat i+(2\sin 90^\circ )\hat j$$ $$\boxed{\vec B =(0\;{\rm m} )\hat i+(2\;{\rm m} )\hat j}$$ $$\vec C=C_x\hat i+C_y\hat j=(|C|\cos \theta_C )\hat i+(|C|\sin\theta_C )\hat j$$ Noting that $\theta_C =180+70=\bf 250^\circ$ Plugging the known; $$\vec C =(5\cos 250^\circ )\hat i+(5\sin 250^\circ )\hat j$$ $$\boxed{\vec C=-(1.71\;{\rm m} )\hat i-(4.698\;{\rm m} )\hat j}$$ c) The magnitude of $\vec D$ is found by applying the Pythagorean theorem. $$|\vec D|=\sqrt{D_x^2+D_y^2}=\sqrt{\left(A_x+B_x+C_x\right)^2+\left(A_y+B_y+C_y\right)^2}$$ Plugging from above; $$|\vec D| =\sqrt{\left(2.819+0 -1.71 \right)^2+\left( -1.026+2-4.698\right)^2}$$ $$|\vec D| =\color{red}{\bf 3.885}\;\rm m$$ and its direction is given by $$\tan\alpha_D=\dfrac{D_y}{D_x}$$ Thus, $$\alpha_D=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{D_y}{D_x}\right]=\tan^{-1}\left[\dfrac{ -1.026+2-4.698}{2.819+0 -1.71}\right]=\bf -73.4^\circ$$ Thus, $$\alpha_D=\color{red}{\bf 286.6^\circ}$$
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