Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 28 - The Electric Potential - Exercises and Problems - Page 833: 8

Answer

$1.6 \times 10^8\;\rm N/C$

Work Step by Step

We are given the difference between the electric potential energy in each case of the water dipole molecule where $$\Delta U_{\rm dipole}=U_{\rm perpendicular}-U_{\rm aligned}=\bf 1\times 10^{-21}\rm \;J$$ And we know that in one case, it is perpendicular to our electric field while in the case other it is aligned. We know that the electric potential energy of a dipole is given by $$U_{\rm dipole}=-pE\cos\phi$$ Hence, $$ U_{\rm perpendicular}-U_{\rm aligned} = -pE\cos90^\circ-(-pE\cos0^\circ) $$ Recall that $\cos90^\circ=0$ and $\cos0^\circ=1$ $$ U_{\rm perpendicular}-U_{\rm aligned} =-0+pE $$ Therefore, $$E=\dfrac{ U_{\rm perpendicular}-U_{\rm aligned} }{p}$$ Plug the known; $$E=\dfrac{ 1\times 10^{-21}}{6.2\times 10^{-30}}$$ $$E=\color{red}{\bf 1.6 \times 10^8}\;\rm N/C$$
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