Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 21 - Superposition - Exercises and Problems - Page 626: 78

Answer

See the detailed answer below.

Work Step by Step

$$\color{blue}{\bf [a]}$$ We know that the frequency noticed by an observer when the observer is moving toward the source while the source is stationary is given by $$f'=\dfrac{v+v_o}{v}f_0\tag 1$$ where $v$ is the sound wave speed, $v_o$ is the speed of the observer, and $f$ is the original frequency at the source. Now the observer is reflecting the sound wave and is now working as a new source that is moving toward a stationary observer which is the original source. Hence, the frequency $$f''=\dfrac{v}{v-v_o}f'$$ where $f''$ is the echo frequency, so plugging from (1) $$f_{\rm echo}=\dfrac{v}{v-v_o}\dfrac{v+v_o}{v}f_0 $$ $$\boxed{f_{\rm echo}=\left[\dfrac{v+v_o}{v-v_o}\right] f_0 }$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [b]}$$ The beat frequency is given by $$f_{beat}=f_{echo}-f_0$$ $$f_{beat}=\left[\dfrac{v+v_o}{v-v_o}\right] f_0-f_0$$ $$f_{beat}=\left(\dfrac{v+v_o}{v-v_o} -1\right)f_0$$ $$f_{beat}=\left(\dfrac{1+\dfrac{v_o}{v}}{1-\dfrac{v_o}{v}} -1\right)f_0$$ Let's assume that $(x=v_o/v)$ where $(x\lt \lt 1)$ since $(v_o\lt\lt v)$ $$f_{beat}=\left(\dfrac{1+x}{1-x} -1\right)f_0$$ $$f_{beat}=\left(\dfrac{1+x-1+x}{1-x} \right)f_0=2xf_0(1-x)^{-1}$$ Using the binomial approximation for $(1-x)^{-1}\approx 1+x$ $$f_{beat} =2xf_0(1+x) $$ Thus, $$f_{beat} =2f_0\dfrac{v_o}{v}\left(1+\dfrac{v_o}{v}\right) $$ $$f_{beat} =2f_0\left(\dfrac{v_o}{v} +\left[\dfrac{v_o}{v}\right]^2\right) $$ where $\left[\dfrac{v_o}{v}\right]^2\approx 0$ since $v_o\lt\lt v$ $$\boxed{f_{beat} =\left(\dfrac{2v_o}{v} \right)f_0 }$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [c]}$$ We just need to plug the given into the previous boxed formula we derived in part [b] above. So we need to solve it for $v_0$; $$ \dfrac{f_{beat}}{2f_0} = \dfrac{v_o}{v} $$ $$ v_o=\dfrac{f_{beat}}{2f_0}v = \dfrac{65}{2(2.4\times 10^6)}(1540)$$ $$v_o=\bf 0.0209\;\rm m/s=\color{red}{\bf2.09}\;\rm cm/s$$ $$\color{blue}{\bf [d]}$$ We know that $v_{o}=v_{\rm max}=A\omega$ where $\omega=2\pi f$ So, $$v_o=2\pi f A$$ $$A=\dfrac{v_o}{2\pi f}$$ Plugging the known; $$A=\dfrac{0.0209}{2\pi (\frac{90}{60})}=\bf 0.00221756\;\rm m$$ $$A=\color{red}{\bf2.22}\;\rm mm$$
Update this answer!

You can help us out by revising, improving and updating this answer.

Update this answer

After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback.