Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 21 - Superposition - Exercises and Problems - Page 624: 59

Answer

a) $850\;\rm Hz$ b) $-\frac{1}{2}\pi$

Work Step by Step

$$\bf a)$$ First, we need to find the wavelength of the two sound waves. $$\Delta \phi=\dfrac{2\pi \Delta x}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0$$ We can use the two constructive points at $x=0.50$ m and $x=0.90$ m. Hence, $$2\pi (m)=\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0\tag 1$$ and $$2\pi (m+1)=\dfrac{2\pi (0.9)}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0\tag 2$$ Subtracting (1) from (2); $$2\pi (m+1)-2\pi (m)=\dfrac{2\pi (0.9)}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0 -\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0$$ $$2\pi m+2\pi -2\pi m=\dfrac{2\pi (0.9)}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0 -\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{\lambda}-\Delta \phi_0$$ $$ 2\pi =\dfrac{2\pi (0.9)}{\lambda} -\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{\lambda} $$ $$ 1 =\dfrac{0.9}{\lambda} -\dfrac{0.5}{\lambda} =\dfrac{0.40}{\lambda}$$ Thus, $$\lambda=\bf 0.40\;\rm m$$ So the frequency is then given by $v=\lambda f$, hence $$f=\dfrac{v}{\lambda}=\dfrac{340}{0.40}=\color{red}{\bf 850}\;\rm Hz$$ $$\bf b)$$ The phase differnce between the two waves is given by (1); $$2\pi (m)=\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{\lambda}+\Delta \phi_0 $$ where we use $m =1$, $$2\pi =\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{0.4}+\Delta \phi_0 $$ Hence, $$\Delta \phi_0=2\pi -\dfrac{2\pi (0.5)}{0.4}=2\pi\left[ 1-\dfrac{(0.5)}{0.4} \right]$$ $$\Delta \phi_0=\color{red}{\bf-\frac{1}{2}\pi} \;\rm rad$$
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