Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 18 - The Micro/Macro Connection - Exercises and Problems - Page 523: 35

Answer

$5000\;\rm J$

Work Step by Step

Let's assume that the system is perfectly isolated, so the heat loss from gas A is gained by gas B. And hence the total thermal energy of the two gases is constant. After enough time the two gases will have the same temperature. Hence, $$\Delta E_{th,A}=n_AC_{\rm v}\Delta T_A$$ Hence, $$\Delta T_A=\dfrac{\Delta E_{th,A}}{n_AC_{\rm v}}$$ Plugging the known; $$\Delta T_A=\dfrac{-1000}{4(12.5)}=\bf -20\rm\; K$$ By the same approach: $$\Delta T_B=\dfrac{\Delta E_{th,B}}{n_BC_{\rm v}}$$ $$\Delta T_B=\dfrac{1000}{3(12.5)}=\bf 26.67\rm\; K$$ We can find the initial temperature of gas A, $$(E_{i,th})_A=\frac{3}{2}n_ART_{iA}$$ Hence, $$T_{iA}=\frac{2}{3}\dfrac{(E_{i,th})_A}{n_AR}=\frac{2}{3}\dfrac{ 9000}{(4)(8.31)}$$ $$T_{iA}=\bf 180.5\;\rm K$$ And hence its final temperature after the system reach equilibrium is $$\Delta E_{th,A}=-1000=n_AC_{\rm v}(T_{f}-T_{iA})$$ Thus, $$T_{f}=\dfrac{-1000}{(4)(12.5)}+180.5=\bf 160.5\;\rm K$$ The final temperature of gas B is also 180.5 K, hence its initial temperature is then $$\Delta T_B=T_f-T_{iB}$$ $$T_{iB}=T_f-\Delta T_B=160.5-26.67\approx 134\;\rm K$$ Thus the initial thermal energy of gas B is given by $$(E_{i,th})_B=\frac{3}{2}n_BRT_{iB}$$ Plugging the known; $$(E_{i,th})_B=\frac{3}{2} (3) (8.31) (134)$$ $$(E_{i,th})_B=\color{red}{\bf 5000}\;\rm J $$
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