Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 18 - The Micro/Macro Connection - Exercises and Problems - Page 522: 1

Answer

$5.375\times10^{24}\;\rm molecule$

Work Step by Step

First, we need to find the number of molecules of the nitrogen gas which is given by the ideal gas law. $$PV=nRT$$ Hence, $$n=\dfrac{PV}{RT}\tag 1$$ Now we need to find the number of nitrogen molecules which is given by $$N=nN_{\rm A}$$ where $N_{\rm A}$ is Avogadroe's number. Plugging from (1) and then plugging the known; $$N=\dfrac{PV}{RT}N_{\rm A}=\dfrac{(1.013\times 10^5)(1)}{(8.31)(20+273}(6.02\times 10^{23})$$ Hence, $$N=2.50\times 10^{25}\;\rm molecule$$ Now we need to use (Figure 18.2) which shows the distribution of molecular speeds in a sample of nitrogen gas. It shows that about 11% of the gas is at a speed of 700-800 m/s. Also, it shows that about 7% of the gas is at a speed of 800-900 m/s. And, about 3.5% of the gas is at a speed of 900-1000 m/s. Hence, in our sample, the number of gas at a speed of 700-100 m/s is given by $$N_1=(0.11+0.07+0.035)N=0.215(2.50\times 10^{25})$$ $$N_1=\color{red}{\bf 5.375\times10^{24}}\;\rm molecule$$
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