Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 15 - Fluids and Elasticity - Exercises and Problems - Page 439: 70

Answer

$76\;\rm cm$

Work Step by Step

According to the hint, we can use Boyle’s law $$P_1V_1=P_2V_2$$ Now we know that the initial volume of the air was the whole cylinder. We also know that the volume is given by $V=AL$ where $A$ is the cross-sectional area of the cylinder and $L$ is its length. This means that the initial height of the air is $L$ and the final height of the air is $h$. So, $$P_1\color{red}{\bf\not}A L=P_2\color{red}{\bf\not}A h $$ Hence, $$ P_1L=hP_2 $$ Noting that $P_1=P_a$, and that $L=1$ m $$P_a=hP_2 \tag 1$$ The final pressure of the air is given by $$P_2=P_a+h_{1}\rho_{1}g$$ Note that the mass of the piston is negligible, otherwise, we shall account for it. where $h_1$ refers to the height of the mercury column and $\rho_1$ refers to the mercury density. From the given figure, we can see that $ h_1=L-h=(1-h)$ So, $$P_2=P_a+(1-h)\rho_{1}g$$ Plugging into (1); $$P_a=h[P_a+(1-h)\rho_{1}g]$$ $$P_a-h P_a=(1-h)h\rho_{1}g $$ $$P_a\color{red}{\bf\not}(1-h) =\color{red}{\bf\not}(1-h)h\rho_{1}g $$ Thus, $$h=\dfrac{P_a}{\rho_1g}$$ Plugging the known; $$h=\dfrac{(1.013\times 10^5)}{(13600)(9.8)}=\bf 0.760\;\rm m$$ $$h=\color{red}{\bf 76}\;\rm cm$$
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