Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 15 - Fluids and Elasticity - Exercises and Problems - Page 438: 54

Answer

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Work Step by Step

The net force exerted on the boat and its component is always zero. $$\sum F_y=F_B-m_bg=0$$ $$F_B=m_bg$$ where $m_b$ is the mass of the boat and its component which is given by $m_b=M+Nm$ where $M$ is the boat's mass without the boxes, $N$ is the number of the boxes, and $m$ is the mass of one box. $$F_B=(M+Nm)g\tag1$$ According to Archimedes’ principle, the buoyant force is given by $$F_B= m_{\rm displaced}g=\rho V g$$ where $\rho$ is the liquid density and $V $ is the submerged part of the boat's volume. This volume is given by $V=Ah$ where $A$ is the cross-sectional area of the boat and $h$ is the depth of the submerged part of the boat. Hence, $$F_B= Ah\rho g$$ Plugging into (1); $$Ah\rho \color{red}{\bf\not} g=(M+Nm)\color{red}{\bf\not} g$$ Thus, $$Nm=A\rho h-M$$ Now we have a straight-line equation of $y=mx+a$; where $y=Nm$, $m=A\rho$ which is the slope of the line, and $a=-M$ which is the $y$-intercept. So to find the boat's mass, we need to draw this straight line and find its $y$-intercept. \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline h\;({\rm m})& Nm\;{\rm (kg)} \\ \hline 0.029 & 0.050 \\ \hline 0.05 & 0.100 \\ \hline 0.066 & 0.150 \\ \hline 0.068& 0.200 \\ \hline \end{array} Plot these data into any software calculator. Then find the slope that will give us the density of the liquid. See the graph below, the best-fit line there, and its slope. From the software calculator and the figure below, it is obvious that $$M=-a=-(-29.03\times 10^{-3})=0.02903\;\rm kg$$ Hence, $$M=\color{red}{\bf 29}\;\rm g$$ And the slope is $${\rm Slope}=2.67=A\rho$$ So, $$\rho=\dfrac{2.67}{A}=\dfrac{2.67}{25\times 10^{-4}} $$ $$\rho=\color{red}{\bf 1068}\;\rm kg/m^2$$
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