Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 15 - Fluids and Elasticity - Exercises and Problems - Page 436: 14

Answer

$\color{red}{\bf Ethyl\; alcohol}$.

Work Step by Step

To identify a liquid, we need to find its density. As we see in the figure below, the net force exerted on the sphere is zero since it is in a static equilibrium since it is neutrally buoyant. Thus, $$\sum F_y=F_B-m_sg=m_sa_y=m(0)=0$$ $$F_B=m_sg\tag 1$$ According to Archimedes’ principle, we know that the magnitude of the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. So, $$F_B=m_Lg_L $$ where $m_s$ is the sphere's mass and $m_L$ is the liquid's mass. According to the density law, we know that $m=\rho V$, so $$F_B=\rho_LV_Lg$$ Plugging into (1) and solving for $\rho_L$; $$\rho_LV_L\color{red}{\bf\not} g=m_s\color{red}{\bf\not} g$$ Hence, $$\rho_L=\dfrac{m_s}{V_L}$$ And since the sphere is fully submerged in the liquid, the volume of the displaced liquid is equal to the sphere's volume; $V_s=V_L$ and the volume of the sphere is $4\pi R^3/3$ $$\rho_L=\dfrac{m_s}{V_s}=\dfrac{m_s}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R_s^3}$$ Plugging the known; $$\rho_L =\dfrac{(89.3\times 10^{-3})}{\frac{4}{3}\pi (3\times 10^{-2})^3}=789.5\;\rm kg/m^3$$ $$\rho_L \approx \bf 7.9\times 10^2\;\rm kg/m^3$$ The liquid density is about 790 kg/m$^3$ which is, as seen in table 15.1, the $\color{red}{\bf Ethyl\; alcohol}$.
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