Answer
Yes. It's called an eclipse.
Work Step by Step
The Earth and its moon are illuminated by the sun's rays, so they will cast shadows even if nothing is behind them. (This may remind you about the tree falling in the forest without anyone around to hear it...)
When the Earth or its moon are positioned in such a way that one of them intercepts the shadow of the other, making it visible, this is called an eclipse.
This is discussed on pages 493-495.