Answer
(a) Draw 3 lone pairs on chlorine.
(b) Draw 1 lone pair on nitrogen, and 2 on Oxygen.
(c) Put 2 lone pairs on Oxygen.
(d) Put 3 lone pairs in each Bromine atom.
Work Step by Step
General rule: Number of lone pairs = 4 - Number of bonds.
(a) C: 4 - 4 = 0
Cl: 4 - 1 = 3
Cl needs 3 lone pairs.
(b) N: 4 - 3 = 1
O: 4 - 2 = 2
Put 1 lone pair on Nitrogen, and 2 on Oxygen.
(c) C: 4 - 4 =0
O: 4 -2 =2
(d) C: 4 - 4 = 0
Br: 4 - 1 = 3
