Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

Published by Prentice Hall
ISBN 10: 0321910419
ISBN 13: 978-0-32191-041-7

Chapter 8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding - Exercises - Page 335: 8.18c

Answer

The ionic compound formed would have the chemical formula $$Li_3N$$

Work Step by Step

The electron configuration of lithium ($Li$) is $$1s^22s^1$$ The electron configuration of nitrogen ($N$) is $$1s^22s^22p^3$$ Both of these atoms would tend to lose, gain or share electrons so that it could reach an octet, that is to have 8 valence electrons, or in other words, to achieve the configuration of a noble gas. $N$ atom lacks 3 more electrons to reach an octet $(2s^22p^6)$, while $Li$ atom, if loses 1 valence electron in subshell $2s$, would not achieve an octet, but instead achieve the configuration of noble gas $He$, with 2 electrons occupying subshell $1s$, which is also stable. Therefore, $Li$ atom is willing to lose that 1 valence electron to $N$ atom. However, $N$ atom still needs 2 more electrons to achieve an octet. So, 2 more $Li$ atom would involve in the reaction, each giving away 1 electron to $N$ atom. Finally, all either reach an octet ($N$ atom) or reach a stable state (3 $Li$ atoms). Eventually, there is 3 $Li$ atoms and 1 $N$ atom involved in the reaction. That means the ionic compound formed would have the chemical formula $$Li_3N$$
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