Answer
31Ai. Concussion. A concussion is an injury to the soft tissue of the brain that is caused by shaking or jarring induced physical trauma to the head; examples are a violent blow, and hitting the head in a fall, The resulting alterations in brain function may cause in symptoms like dizziness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and "seeing stars".
31Aii. Contusion. A contusion is a lesion caused by trauma in which the skin is not torn, but small blood vessels ar broken. In such an injury blood leaks out of the breached blood vessels into interstitial spaces around the cells of adjacent tissues. Symptoms of a contusion are swelling( a lump), warmth, pain, red black and blue discoloration of bruised area.
Work Step by Step
Concussions are injuries to the soft tissue of the brain caused by shock force, jarring or shaking. Some situations in which this type of injury commonly occurs are:
1. Heading a soccer ball
2. Being tackled from behind in American football
3. Blows delivered to the head in boxing
4. Falling and hitting the head on concrete pavement
5. In motor vehicle accidents
The last case is very common and may happen to any one. If a driver who is not wearing a seat belt should be rear-ended , the shock of the impact would jerk his/her body forward. The head would most likely hit the dashboard assembly, and a shock would transmitted to the brain by way of the frontal bone. The brain would move backward in the cranium and be crushed against the parietal and occipital bones --since there would be no way for it to leave the cranial cavity. These two so called "coup" and "countre coup" lesions would constitute concussive injuries that would impair the function of the brain, temporarily, or permanently, dependent on the severity of the trauma.
The effects of a simple concussion cause mild symptoms and temporary loss of consciousness. However, a severe concussion may result in more serious brain damage, and coma...
Some mild symptoms include headache, pressure i the head, dizziness, confusion, nausea ,vomiting , and fatigue. More serious --often delayed-- symptoms include, loss of the ability to concentrate, increase in irritability, sleep disturbance, and impairment of taste sensation. While a single mild concussion may not result in severe or life threatening symptoms, it is well to note that the effects of concussions are accumulative . Therefore, repeated mild concussions may pose as much danger to health and life as one severe concussive incident.
Contusions . A contusion is commonly known as a bruise. When it happens on a limb or other visible organ , the signs or symptoms we usually observe are mild pain, swelling, and a change in skin color to the familiar "black-and-blue' discoloration . A contusion habens when trauma to a body part fails to break the skin but the force transmitted result in tearing or braking small subsurface blood vessels ; these may be in the skin or at deeper levels in internal organs . When this is the result of trauma to the skull the resultant lesions can compound and complicate the effects of the associated concussion. some symptoms of a mild brain contusion are headaches, tiredness, memory problems, speech difficulties and insomnia.
The victim of a brain bruise may remain conscious, or become semi-conscious, temporarily. However, a severe contusion , may result in the victim falling into a coma-- in the worst case , a permanent coma. A permanent comatose condition, usually indicates significant damage to he reticular activating system (RAS), the cortical arousal system.
