Answer
Synovial joints are the joints are the most well-known joints, but they are the most complex and most likely to develop problems. Well known examples are the elbow joint and the knee joint, the wrist and the shoulder ( gleno-humeral) joint of the shoulder.
In synovial joints opposed surfaces of two bines are covered with hyaline articular cartilage.
Between the caing surfaces is a narrow space , the articular cavity which contains the synovial fluid.
The synovial fluid contains mainly of hyaluronic acid ( disaccharide) and lubricin ( a protein
lubricant) . It serves to decrease friction in the joint but also brings nutrients to joint tissue and removes
wastes. It also absorbs shocks.
The joint cavity is enclosed by an articular joint capsule of connective tissue which retains the synovial fluid. It is the inner synovial membrane of the capsule that holds the synovial fluid; the outer fibrous part of the capsule is continuous with the periosteum of the bones
Articular discs and meniscii;
In a few synovial joints the an ier osseous pad develops from fibrocartilage that has grown inward from the joint capsule. Between the ulna and the carpal bones and in the temporo mandinular joint of the jaw, the pad grows right across the joint capsule to form an articular disc. . In the knee the cartilage invades from right and left , but does crossnthe knee cacity completely. These structures are known meniscii ( sing. meniscus).
Work Step by Step
Synovial joints especially ball and socket and hinge joints facilitate or enable much of the normal daily movements of the body, also because they are the most complex joints and are asked to do so much experience the most damage and account for most of the dysfunction in the neuromuscular skeleton. It is not surprising then that the professions and professionals that are related to, and associated with Kinesiology -- the science of movement in the body find these joints important. Some of these professionals include physical therapists, occupational therapists, athlectic trainers, coaches, orthopedists, chropracters, and massage therapists.
