Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 7th Edition

Published by McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN 10: 0073403717
ISBN 13: 978-0-07340-371-7

Chapter 7 - Section 7.2 - Histology of Osseous Tissue - Apply What You Know - Page 206: 1

Answer

Osteoblasts are specialized cells responsible for bone formation and mineralization. Two organelles that are especially prominent in osteoblasts due to their involvement in the synthesis and secretion of bone matrix components are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Osteoblasts have a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. In osteoblasts, this protein synthesis primarily involves the production of collagen fibers, which form the organic matrix of bone. Collagen is a major structural protein in bone tissue, providing tensile strength. The RER is essential for the synthesis of collagen and its subsequent processing. 2. Golgi Apparatus: The Golgi apparatus in osteoblasts plays a crucial role in the post-translational modification, packaging, and transport of proteins, including collagen and other bone matrix proteins. After being synthesized in the RER, these proteins are modified and packaged in the Golgi apparatus before being transported to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. The Golgi apparatus helps ensure that these proteins are correctly folded and processed before they are secreted into the ECM. These two organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, are therefore particularly important in osteoblasts due to their involvement in the synthesis and secretion of the major substances required for bone formation, including collagen and other components of the bone matrix.

Work Step by Step

Osteoblasts are specialized cells responsible for bone formation and mineralization. Two organelles that are especially prominent in osteoblasts due to their involvement in the synthesis and secretion of bone matrix components are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Osteoblasts have a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. In osteoblasts, this protein synthesis primarily involves the production of collagen fibers, which form the organic matrix of bone. Collagen is a major structural protein in bone tissue, providing tensile strength. The RER is essential for the synthesis of collagen and its subsequent processing. 2. Golgi Apparatus: The Golgi apparatus in osteoblasts plays a crucial role in the post-translational modification, packaging, and transport of proteins, including collagen and other bone matrix proteins. After being synthesized in the RER, these proteins are modified and packaged in the Golgi apparatus before being transported to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. The Golgi apparatus helps ensure that these proteins are correctly folded and processed before they are secreted into the ECM. These two organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, are therefore particularly important in osteoblasts due to their involvement in the synthesis and secretion of the major substances required for bone formation, including collagen and other components of the bone matrix.
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