Chapter 10 - Section 10.2 - Study Guide - Assess Your Learning Outcomes - Page 371: 7

The tongue is a complex muscular organ responsible for various functions, including speech, swallowing, and taste sensation. It consists of both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Here's an overview of the tongue muscles you mentioned: **Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue:** These muscles are entirely contained within the tongue and are responsible for its fine and precise movements: 1. **Superior Longitudinal Muscle:** This muscle runs along the upper surface of the tongue and assists in elevating the tip of the tongue. 2. **Inferior Longitudinal Muscle:** This muscle runs along the lower surface of the tongue and assists in depressing the tip of the tongue. 3. **Vertical Muscle (Superior and Inferior):** These muscles run vertically within the tongue and help change the tongue's shape and thickness. 4. **Transverse Muscle:** This muscle runs horizontally across the tongue and helps narrow and elongate the tongue. **Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue:** These muscles originate from outside the tongue and insert into it, enabling movements of the tongue within the oral cavity: 1. **Genioglossus Muscle:** The genioglossus muscle is the largest and most prominent extrinsic muscle of the tongue. It originates from the mandible's mental spine and inserts into the body of the tongue. It plays a significant role in protruding the tongue forward, retracting it, and changing its shape. 2. **Hyoglossus Muscle:** This muscle originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. It assists in depressing the tongue and also contributes to tongue shaping. 3. **Styloglossus Muscle:** The styloglossus muscle originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts into the tongue. It helps retract and elevate the sides of the tongue. 4. **Palatoglossus Muscle:** This muscle originates from the soft palate (palatine aponeurosis) and inserts into the side of the tongue. It plays a role in elevating the posterior part of the tongue and closing off the oral cavity from the nasopharynx during swallowing. These intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles work in harmony to produce the wide range of tongue movements required for functions like speech articulation, swallowing, and manipulating food during mastication. Their coordinated actions allow for precise and intricate control of the tongue's shape and position within the mouth.

The tongue is a complex muscular organ responsible for various functions, including speech, swallowing, and taste sensation. It consists of both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Here's an overview of the tongue muscles you mentioned: **Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue:** These muscles are entirely contained within the tongue and are responsible for its fine and precise movements: 1. **Superior Longitudinal Muscle:** This muscle runs along the upper surface of the tongue and assists in elevating the tip of the tongue. 2. **Inferior Longitudinal Muscle:** This muscle runs along the lower surface of the tongue and assists in depressing the tip of the tongue. 3. **Vertical Muscle (Superior and Inferior):** These muscles run vertically within the tongue and help change the tongue's shape and thickness. 4. **Transverse Muscle:** This muscle runs horizontally across the tongue and helps narrow and elongate the tongue. **Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue:** These muscles originate from outside the tongue and insert into it, enabling movements of the tongue within the oral cavity: 1. **Genioglossus Muscle:** The genioglossus muscle is the largest and most prominent extrinsic muscle of the tongue. It originates from the mandible's mental spine and inserts into the body of the tongue. It plays a significant role in protruding the tongue forward, retracting it, and changing its shape. 2. **Hyoglossus Muscle:** This muscle originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. It assists in depressing the tongue and also contributes to tongue shaping. 3. **Styloglossus Muscle:** The styloglossus muscle originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts into the tongue. It helps retract and elevate the sides of the tongue. 4. **Palatoglossus Muscle:** This muscle originates from the soft palate (palatine aponeurosis) and inserts into the side of the tongue. It plays a role in elevating the posterior part of the tongue and closing off the oral cavity from the nasopharynx during swallowing. These intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles work in harmony to produce the wide range of tongue movements required for functions like speech articulation, swallowing, and manipulating food during mastication. Their coordinated actions allow for precise and intricate control of the tongue's shape and position within the mouth.