Trigonometry 7th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1111826854
ISBN 13: 978-1-11182-685-7

Chapter 8 - Section 8.4 - Roots of a Complex Number - 8.4 Problem Set - Page 447: 31

Answer

The four fourth roots are: \[ \sqrt{3}+i, \quad-1+i \sqrt{3}, \quad-\sqrt{3}-i, \quad \text { , } \quad 1-i \sqrt{3} \]

Work Step by Step

\[ \left(\cos \frac{2 \pi}{3}+i \sin \frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)16=z \] Using the roots theorem: \[ \left[\cos \left(\frac{\theta}{n}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{n} k\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{\theta}{n}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{n} k\right)\right]r^{\frac{1}{n}}=w_{k} \] When $0=k$ : \[ \left[\cos \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(0)\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(0)\right)\right]16^{\frac{1}{4}}=u_{0} \] Simplify: \[ \begin{aligned} &\left[\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\right] \\ &=2\left[\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{1}{2} i\right]2=u_{0} \end{aligned} \] Multiply: \[ =\sqrt{3}+i \] When $k=1:$ \[ w_{1}=16^{\frac{1}{2}}\left[\cos \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(1)\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(1)\right)\right] \] Simplify: \[ =2\left[\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right] \] Unify the denominators and add: \[ \begin{array}{c} =2\left[\cos \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)\right] \\ =2\left[-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} i\right] \end{array} \] Multiply: \[ =-1+i \sqrt{3} \] When $k=2$ : \[ w_{2}=16^{\frac{1}{4}}\left[\cos \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(2)\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(2)\right)\right] \] Simplify: \[ =2\left[\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\pi\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\pi\right)\right] \] Unify the denominators and add: \[ \begin{array}{c} =2\left[\cos \left(\frac{7 \pi}{6}\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{7 \pi}{6}\right)\right] \\ =2\left[-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}-\frac{1}{2} i\right] \end{array} \] Multiply: \[ =-\sqrt{3}-i \] When $3=k$ : \[ \left[\cos \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(3)\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{2 \pi}{3 \times 4}+\frac{2 \pi}{4}(3)\right)\right]16^{\frac{1}{4}}=w_{3} \] Simplify: \[ =2\left[\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\frac{3 \pi}{2}\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6}+\frac{3 \pi}{2}\right)\right] \] Unify the denominators and add: \[ \begin{array}{c} =2\left[\cos \left(\frac{5 \pi}{3}\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{5 \pi}{3}\right)\right] \\ =2\left[\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} i\right] \end{array} \] Multiply: \[ =[1-i \sqrt{3}] \]
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