Trigonometry 7th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1111826854
ISBN 13: 978-1-11182-685-7

Chapter 8 - Section 8.4 - Roots of a Complex Number - 8.4 Problem Set - Page 447: 13

Answer

The two square roots are: \[ -\sqrt{2}-i \sqrt{2} \text { and }\sqrt{2}+i \sqrt{2} \]

Work Step by Step

\[ 0+4 i=4 i \] The modulus of a complex number in standard form $y+x$ is: \[ \begin{array}{c} \sqrt{y^{2}+x^{2}}=r \\ \sqrt{4^{2}+0^{2}}=r \\ \sqrt{16}=r \\ 4=r \end{array} \] Angle $\theta$ is the smallest positive angle for which: \[ 0=\frac{0}{4}=\frac{x}{r}=\cos \theta \] , \[ 1=\frac{4}{4}=\frac{y}{r}=\sin \theta \] Thus \[ 90^{\circ}=\theta \] Using the definition of the trigonometric form of a complex number: \[ \begin{aligned} &=r(\cos \theta+i \sin \theta) \\ &=4\left(\cos 90^{\circ}+i \sin 90^{\circ}\right) \end{aligned} \] Using the roots theorem: \[ u_{k}=r^{\frac{1}{n}}\left[\cos \left(\frac{\theta}{n}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{n} k\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{\theta}{n}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{n} k\right)\right] \] $\mathrm{W} \operatorname{hen} 0=k$ \[ \begin{array}{c} \mathrm{u}_{\mathrm{u}}=4^{\mathrm{t}}\left[\cos \left(\frac{90^{\circ}}{2}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{2}(0)\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{90^{\circ}}{2}+\frac{36 \mathrm{fr}}{2}(0)\right)\right] \\ =2 \cos 45^{\circ}+i \sin 45^{\circ} \\ =2\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} i\right] \end{array} \] Multiply: \[ =\sqrt{2}+i \sqrt{2} \] When $1=k$ \[ \begin{array}{c} \mathrm{u}_{1}=4 \pm\left[\cos \left(\frac{90^{\circ}}{2}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{2}(1)\right)+i \sin \left(\frac{90^{\circ}}{2}+\frac{360^{\circ}}{2}(1)\right)\right] \\ =2\left[\cos \left(45^{\circ}+180^{\circ}\right)+i \sin \left(45^{\circ}+180^{\circ}\right)\right] \\ \left.=2 \cos 225^{\circ}+i \sin 225^{\circ}\right] \\ =\left[-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} i\right]2 \end{array} \] Multiply: \[ =[-\sqrt{2}-t \sqrt{2}] \]
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