Statistics, 4th Edition

Published by W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 10: 0393929728
ISBN 13: 978-0-39392-972-0

Chapter 1 - Part 1 - Design of Experiments - Exercise Set A - Page 20: 8

Answer

Option (ii)

Work Step by Step

The Option (i) does not explain any association between alcohol consumption and smoking only between alcohol and liver cancer. Option (ii) makes it a confounding variable, by explaining the association between both relations.
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