Answer
a)16\$
b)8:1
c)37:1
d)21.5$
Work Step by Step
a) profit=winning-investment=18-2=16\$
b)We know that $odds=\frac{number \ of \ good \ outcomes}{number\ of\ all\ outcomes-number \ of \ good \ outcomes}$, hence $odds=\frac{16}{18-16}=\frac{16}{2}$, hence the odds are 8:1.
c)We know that $odds=\frac{number \ of \ good \ outcomes}{number\ of\ all\ outcomes-number \ of \ good \ outcomes}$, hence $odds=\frac{1-0.093}{0.093}=9.75$, hence the odds are 37:1.
d)$winning=(9.75+1)\cdot2=21.5\$.$