Discrete Mathematics with Applications 4th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 0-49539-132-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-49539-132-6

Chapter 7 - Functions - Exercise Set 7.1 - Page 396: 53

Answer

$\phi(p^n)=p^n-p^{n-1}.\\ p\,\,is\,a\,prime\,and\,n\,is\,some\,positive\,integer\\ \phi(p^n)=p^n-p^{n-1}.\\ put\,\,p=2\,\,and\,let\,\,m=2n+1\\ \phi(2^m)=2^m-2^{m-1}=2^{m-1}(2-1)=2^{m-1}=2^{2n+1-1}=2^{2n}=(2^{n})^2\\ \because (2^{n})^2\,is\,a\,perfect\,sqaure.\\ \therefore \phi(2^m)is\,a\,perfect\,sqaure.\\ (there\,are\,infinitely\,many\,integers\,\,\,m)\\ \phi(n)is\,a\,perfect\,sqaure.(\,\,n=2^m)\\ $

Work Step by Step

$\phi(p^n)=p^n-p^{n-1}.\\ p\,\,is\,a\,prime\,and\,n\,is\,some\,positive\,integer\\ \phi(p^n)=p^n-p^{n-1}.\\ put\,\,p=2\,\,and\,let\,\,m=2n+1\\ \phi(2^m)=2^m-2^{m-1}=2^{m-1}(2-1)=2^{m-1}=2^{2n+1-1}=2^{2n}=(2^{n})^2\\ \because (2^{n})^2\,is\,a\,perfect\,sqaure.\\ \therefore \phi(2^m)is\,a\,perfect\,sqaure.\\ (there\,are\,infinitely\,many\,integers\,\,\,m)\\ \phi(n)is\,a\,perfect\,sqaure.(\,\,n=2^m)\\ $
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