Calculus: Early Transcendentals 8th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1285741552
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-155-0

Chapter 9 - Section 9.3 - Separable Equations - 9.3 Exercises - Page 605: 17

Answer

$$ \frac{dy}{dx} \tan x =a+y , \quad y(\frac{\pi}{3})=a, \quad0\lt x \lt \frac{\pi}{2} $$ the solution of the given differential equation is $$ y=\frac{4a}{\sqrt 3} \sin x -a $$

Work Step by Step

$$ \frac{dy}{dx} \tan x =a+y , \quad y(\frac{\pi}{3})=a, \quad0\lt x \lt \frac{\pi}{2} $$ We write the equation in terms of differentials: $$ \frac{dy}{a+y} =\frac{dx}{\tan x } , y+a \ne 0 $$ and integrate both sides: $$ \int \frac{dy}{a+y}=\int\frac{dx}{\tan x } $$ $ \Rightarrow$ $$ \ln |a+y|=\ln |\sin x|+C $$ $\Rightarrow$ $$ |a+y|=e^{\ln |\sin x|+C}=e^{\ln |\sin x|} \cdot e^{C}=e^{C}|\sin x| \ $$ where $C $ is an arbitrary constant. $$ a+y=\pm e^{C} \sin x=L \sin x $$ where $L=\pm e^{C} $ is an arbitrary constant. Now, to satisfy the condition $ y(\frac{\pi}{3})=a, $we have $$ 2a=L . \frac{\sqrt 3}{2} \Rightarrow L =\frac{4a}{\sqrt 3} $$ Thus, the solution of the given differential equation is $$ a+y=\frac{4a}{\sqrt 3} \sin x $$ and so, $$ y=\frac{4a}{\sqrt 3} \sin x -a $$
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