Calculus: Early Transcendentals 8th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1285741552
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-155-0

Chapter 7 - Review - Exercises - Page 538: 42

Answer

$$ \int_{1}^{\infty} \frac{\ln x}{x^{4}} d x=\frac{1}{9} $$

Work Step by Step

The given integral $$ \int_{1}^{\infty} \frac{\ln x}{x^{4}} d x $$ is an improper integral, hence $$ \int_{1}^{\infty} \frac{\ln x}{x^{4}} d x =\lim _{t \rightarrow \infty} \int_{1}^{t} \frac{\ln x}{x^{4}} d x $$ Integrate by parts with $$ \left[\begin{array}{ll}{u=\ln x,} & {d v=d x / x^{4}} \\ {d u=d x / x }, & { v=-1 / \left(3 x^{3}\right) }\end{array}\right] $$ $$ \begin{aligned} \int_{1}^{\infty} \frac{\ln x}{x^{4}} d x &=\lim _{t \rightarrow \infty} \int_{1}^{t} \frac{\ln x}{x^{4}} d x \\ &=\lim _{t \rightarrow \infty}\left[-\frac{\ln x}{3 x^{3}}\right]_{1}^{t}+\int_{1}^{t} \frac{1}{3 x^{4}} d x\\ &=\lim _{t \rightarrow \infty}\left(-\frac{\ln t}{3 t^{3}}+0+\left[\frac{-1}{9 x^{3}}\right]_{1}^{t}\right) \quad\quad \left[ \text {let’s use L’Hospital’s Rule on the quotient.}\right] \\ &= \lim _{t \rightarrow \infty}\left(-\frac{1}{9 t^{3}}+\left[\frac{-1}{9 t^{3}}+\frac{1}{9}\right]\right) \\ &=0+0+\frac{1}{9}=\frac{1}{9} \end{aligned} $$
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