Calculus: Early Transcendentals 8th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1285741552
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-155-0

Chapter 4 - Section 4.2 - The Mean Value Theorem - 4.2 Exercises - Page 292: 22

Answer

The equation $~~x^4+4x+c = 0~~$ has at most two real roots.

Work Step by Step

$x^4+4x+c = 0$ Let $f(x) = x^4+4x+c$ $f'(x) = 4x^3+4$ We can find the points $x$ where $f'(x) = 0$: $f'(x) = 4x^3+4 = 0$ $x^3+1 = 0$ $x^3 = -1$ $x = -1$ The function $f(x)$ has exactly one point where $f'(x) = 0$ The function $f(x)$ is continuous and differentiable for all $x$. Let's assume that the equation has at least three real roots $a_1$, $a_2$, and $a_3$ where $a_1 \lt a_2 \lt a_3$. Then $f(a_1) = f(a_2) = f(a_3) = 0$. According to Rolle's Theorem, there is a number $c_1$ in the interval $(a_1,a_2)$ such that $f'(c_1) = 0$, and there is a number $c_2$ in the interval $(a_2,a_3)$ such that $f'(c_2) = 0$. However, this contradicts the fact that $f'(x) = 0$ at exactly one point. Therefore, the equation has at most two real roots.
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