Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 7 - Integration Techniques - 7.3 Trigonometric Integrals - 7.3 Exercises - Page 530: 53

Answer

$$\ln 4$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_{ - \pi /3}^{\pi /3} {\sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta - 1} d\theta } \cr & \sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta - 1} {\text{ is an even function}} \cr & {\text{use }}\int_{ - a}^a {f\left( x \right)dx = 2\int_0^a {f\left( x \right)dx,{\text{ }}f\left( x \right)} {\text{ is even}}} \cr & \int_{ - \pi /3}^{\pi /3} {\sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta - 1} d\theta } = 2\int_0^{\pi /3} {\sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta - 1} d\theta } \cr & {\text{identity }}{\sec ^2}\theta - 1 = {\tan ^2}\theta \cr & = 2\int_0^{\pi /3} {\sqrt {{{\tan }^2}\theta } d\theta } \cr & = 2\int_0^{\pi /3} {\tan \theta d\theta } \cr & = 2\int_0^{\pi /3} {\frac{{\sin \theta }}{{\cos \theta }}d\theta } \cr & {\text{integrating}} \cr & = 2\left[ { - \ln \left| {\cos \theta } \right|} \right]_0^{\pi /3} \cr & = - 2\left[ {\ln \left| {\cos \theta } \right|} \right]_0^{\pi /3} \cr & {\text{evaluate limits}} \cr & = - 2\left[ {\ln \left| {\cos \frac{\pi }{3}} \right| - \ln \left| {\cos 0} \right|} \right] \cr & {\text{simplify}} \cr & = - 2\left[ {\ln \left| {\frac{1}{2}} \right| - \ln \left| 1 \right|} \right] \cr & = - 2\ln \left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right) \cr & = \ln 4 \cr} $$
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