Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 11 - Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions - 11.5 Lines and Curves in Space - 11.5 Exercises - Page 806: 45

Answer

\[\mathbf{i}\]

Work Step by Step

\[\begin{align} & \underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\left( \frac{\sin t}{t}\mathbf{i}-\frac{{{e}^{t}}-t-1}{t}\mathbf{j}+\frac{\cos t+{{t}^{2}}/2-1}{{{t}^{2}}}\mathbf{k} \right) \\ & \text{Evaluate the limit} \\ & =\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\sin t}{t}\mathbf{i}-\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{e}^{t}}-t-1}{t}\mathbf{j}+\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\cos t+{{t}^{2}}/2-1}{{{t}^{2}}}\mathbf{k} \\ & =\left( 1 \right)\mathbf{i}-\frac{{{e}^{0}}-0-1}{0}\mathbf{j}+\frac{\cos 0+{{0}^{2}}/2-1}{{{0}^{2}}}\mathbf{k} \\ & =\mathbf{i}-\frac{0}{0}\mathbf{j}+\frac{0}{0}\mathbf{k} \\ & \text{Apply the L }\!\!'\!\!\text{ Hopitals Rule} \\ & \underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{e}^{t}}-t-1}{t}=\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\left( {{e}^{t}}-1 \right)=0 \\ & \underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\cos t+{{t}^{2}}/2-1}{{{t}^{2}}}=\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{-\sin t+t}{2t}=\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{-\cos t+1}{2}=\frac{0}{2}=0 \\ & \text{Therefore,} \\ & =\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\sin t}{t}\mathbf{i}-\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{{{e}^{t}}-t-1}{t}\mathbf{j}+\underset{t\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\frac{\cos t+{{t}^{2}}/2-1}{{{t}^{2}}}\mathbf{k} \\ & =\left( 1 \right)\mathbf{i}-\left( 0 \right)\mathbf{j}+\left( 0 \right)\mathbf{k} \\ & =\mathbf{i} \\ \end{align}\]
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